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Still bitter from their defeat by the British in the French and Indian War,the French had secretly sent weapons to the Patriots.
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The British retreated from Boston,moving the theater of war to the middle states.
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The British retreated from Boston,moving the theater of war to the middle states.
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General William Howe and Admiral Richard Howe joined forces on Staten Island and sailed into New York harbor with the largest British expeditionary force ever assembled.
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Michael Graham,a Continental Army volunteer,described the chaotic withdrawal of American retreat following heavy losses in New York.
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The British pushed Washington's army across the Delaware River into Pennslyvania.
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Washington led 2,400 men in small rowboats across the ice-choked Delaware River.
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The terms of enlistment of the men under Washington's command were due on this date.
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The Americans were rallied by another astonishing victory against 1,200 British stationed at Princeton.
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General Howe began his campaign to seize the American capital at Philadelphia
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Massed Americans troops finally surrounded British General John Burgoyne at Saratoga,where he surrendered his battered army to General Gates.
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Albigense Waldo worked as a surgeon at Vally Forge outside Philadelphia,which serves as a site of the Continental Army's camp.
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The French recognized American independence and signed an alliance,or treaty of cooperation,with the Americans.
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In the midst of the frozen winter at Valley Forge,American troops began an amazing transformation.
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After their devastating defaet at Saratoga,the British changed their military strategyby shifting their operations to the south.
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A British expedition easily took Savannah,Georgia
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The young Marquis de Lafayette joined Washington's staff and bore the misery of Valley Forge,lobbied for French reinforcements in France and led a command in Virginia in the last years of the war.
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A royal governor once again commanded Georgia.
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A French army of 6,000 had landed in Newport,Rhode Island,after the British left the city to focus on the south.
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General Henry Clinton,who had replaced Howe in New York,along with the ambitious general Charles Cornwallis sailed south with 8,500 men.
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In their greatest victory of the war,the British captured Charles Town,South Carolina and marched 5,500 American soldiers off as prisoners of war.
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Cornwallis's army smashed American forces at Camden,South Carolina ,and within 3 months the British had established forts across the state.
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The Congress appointed a rich Philadelphia merchant named Robert Morris as superintendent of finance.
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When the forces of General Daniel Morgan and Lieutenant Colonel Banastre Tarleton met at Cowpens,South Carolina,the British expected the outnumbered Americans to flee but the Continental Army fought back,and forced the redcoats to surrender.
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Angered by the defaet at Cowpens,Cornwallis attacked Greene at Guilford Court House,North Carolina.
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Greene wrote a letter to Lafayette,asking for help.
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Due to the efforts of Robert Morris and his associate Haym Salomon,the troops were finally paid in specie,or gold coin.
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When his troops outnumbered by more than two to one and exhausted from constant shelling,Cornwallis finally raised the white flag of surrender.
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A triumphant Washington,the French generals,and their troops assembled to accept the British surrender.
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Colonel William Fontaine of the Virginia militia stood with the American and French armies lining a road near Yorktown,Virginia to witness the fromal British surrender.
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The delegates signed the Treaty of Paris,which confirmed U.S. independence and set the boundaries of the new nation.
