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Wegener came across a scientific paper that listed fossils of plants and animals. He became interested in this and began to look for similar cases of organisms separated by oceans. The continents fitted together.
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Holmes theory is that the mantle goes under thermal convection and as magma is heated it rises and then cools down and sinks again.
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Mid atlantic ridge was discovered during world war II because of the increase of sonar equipment
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They all proposed that linear volcanic chains in ocean basins are sites where the new sea floor had erupted and moved towards the sides of ocean
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Hess theory of the sea floor spreading had evidence in 1962, this led to his discovery of submerged and flat topped mountains.
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His theory is that the lithosphere is divided into few dozen plated that move across the earth's surface.