Phases of Reconstruction

By natalie.lucas

  • Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan

    Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction was also known as the “Ten Percent Plan.” This plan stated that a Southern state may be readmitted into the Union if 10 percent of its voters swore an Oath of Allegiance to the Union. (1863-1865)
    https://goo.gl/images/VFGTQh
    -This image shows Lincoln’s desire to restore and repair the Union, as he says, “A few more stitches Andy and the good old Union will be mended!’
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    Phase One: Lincoln

  • The Wade Davis Bill

    This bill required that half of a state’s white males take a loyalty oath to be readmitted into the Union. States were also forced to give african americans the right to vote. The bill was proposed for the Reconstruction of the South written by Senator Benjamin Wade of Ohio and Representative Henry Winter Davis of Maryland, two Republicans.
    https://goo.gl/images/e4W1P7
    -The linked document is a picture of the Wade Davis Bill.

  • 13th Amendment

    “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States..." In Congress, it was passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864. The House passed the amendment on January 31, 1865. The first Reconstruction Amendment.
    https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=26945739
    -This photo shows the celebration after the amendment is passed by the House of Representatives.
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    "Great Constitutional Revolution" a concept introduced by Carl Schurz

    Republican leader Carl Schurz referred to the times of Reconstruction and the amendments brought about during this period as the Great Constitutional Revolution. It had to do with the new political culture and the transformation of federal systems, along with the newly proclaimed rights of United States citizens.
    https://goo.gl/images/bnACdG
    -A photo of the Reconstruction amendments that were created during the Great Conventional Revolution

  • Special Field Order 15

    General William T. Sherman used the power given to him through the War to create the passage of Special Field Order 15. Sherman took over thirty miles worth of land owned by slaveholders and turned it over to the slaves for use as free settlements.
    https://goo.gl/images/NbVeQa -Forty acres and a mule is the other name for Special Field Order 15. This picture gives a reminder of how forty acres and a mule relates to the term and is a reference to supporting the African Americans.

  • Freedmen's Bureau

    Freedmen’s Bureau, also known as the Bureau of Refugees, was established by congress to help former african american slaves and poor whites in the South during the difficult aftermath of the Civil War.
    https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Freedman_bureau_harpers_cartoon.jpg#/media/File:Freedman_bureau_harpers_cartoon.jpg
    -In this image a Bureau agent stands between groups of armed whites and freedmen. A drawing from Harper’s Weekly.

  • President Lincoln's Death

    President Lincoln went to watch the play Our American Cousin at Ford’s Theatre in Washington D.C. Actor John Wilkes Booth entered the presidential box and shot and killed President Abraham Lincoln.
    https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lincoln_assassination_slide_c1900.png#/media/File:Lincoln_assassination_slide_c1900.png
    -This document is an illustration demonstrating John Wilkes Booth as he leaned forward to shoot President Abraham Lincoln.

  • Ku Klux Klan

    The Ku Klux Klan, also known as the KKK, was brought about by Confederate veterans in Pulaski Tennessee. Members sought the restoration of white supremacy through harassment aimed towards the black freedmen.
    https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kkk-carpetbagger-cartoon.jpg#/media/File:Kkk-carpetbagger-cartoon.jpg
    -The cartoon shows a threat the KKK made to lynch the scalawags and the carpetbaggers.

  • Black Codes

    Black Codes were laws that put restrictions on the freedom of african americans post Civil War. After slavery was abolished, people still wanted to ensure that they were available as a cheap labor force. (1865 & 1866)
    https://goo.gl/images/yAhKRu
    -Black Codes are shown in the above picture, which helps depict how similar these laws were to slavery.
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    Phase Two: Johnson

  • Civil Rights Bill of 1866

    The Civil Rights Act was passed by congress over the veto of President Andrew Johnson.This was the first federal law to declare that all persons born in the United States are citizens, regardless of race, color, or previous conditions.
    https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flickr_-_USCapitol_-_Civil_Rights_Bill_Passes,_1866.jpg#/media/File:Flickr_-_USCapitol_-_Civil_Rights_Bill_Passes,_1866.jpg
    -The picture illustrates the passage of the Civil Rights Bill of 1866.

  • Reconstruction Act

    The United States Legislation outlined the required process for Southern states to be readmitted into the Union after the Civil War.The bills were mainly written by the Radical Republicans of the United States Congress.
    https://goo.gl/images/TGC2Ny
    -The document is a collage to show South Carolina legislature, with pictures to represent both white and black legislative.

  • Scalawags

    Any white Southerner who supported the federal plan of Reconstruction after the ending of the Civil War. A scalawag could also be defined as someone who joined with the black freedmen and cooperated with them to meet their needs.
    https://goo.gl/images/xRxZ2L
    -Scalawags added to Southern resentment for Reconstruction, this picture also helps tie the scalawag and carpetbagger terms together.
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    Phase Three: Congressional

  • Impeachment of President Johnson

    The United States House of Representatives gathered eleven articles of impeachment discussing President Jackson’s wrongdoings. In result of this, Jackson was the first president to be impeached in United States History.
    https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Andrew_Johnson_impeachment_trial.jpg#/media/File:Andrew_Johnson_impeachment_trial.jpg
    - An illustration of President Andrew Johnson’s impeachment trial in the senate. It was published in Harper’s Weekly.

  • 14th Amendment

    The Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution defines what it means to be a citizen of the United States, and also protects certain basic rights of human. The second Reconstruction Amendment.
    https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:14th_Amendment_Senate_%26_House_votes_June,_1866.jpg#/media/File:14th_Amendment_Senate_%26_House_votes_June,_1866.jpg
    -This document shows the senate and house votes on the fourteenth amendment of the United States Constitution.

  • Enforcement Acts

    Three bills passed by United States Congress that protected African Americans and their right to vote, to hold office, to serve on juries, and receive equal protection of laws. (1870 & 1871)
    https://goo.gl/images/2M6aSP
    -Represented in this picture is the violent backlash against new freedmen that are protected by the Enforcement Acts.

  • Sharecropping

    Sharecropping is a type of agriculture brought about during the Reconstruction time period. A landowner allows a tenant to use their land in return for a portion of their crop that the landowner receives at the end of each year.
    https://goo.gl/images/KkbT9t
    -Sharecroppers in Georgia.

  • 15th Amendment

    The Fifteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution states, “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” The third and final Reconstruction Amendment.
    https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:15th_Amendment_Pg1of1_AC.jpg#/media/File:15th_Amendment_Pg1of1_AC.jpg
    -This image shows the fifteenth amendment in National Archives.

  • Slaughterhouse Cases

    Limitation of the privileges and immunities guaranteed to United States citizens in the fourteenth amendment of the constitution. The court’s decision on these cases confined the amendment to the explicit rights listed in the American constitution.
    https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Archibald_Campbell_-_Brady-Handy.jpg#/media/File:John_Archibald_Campbell_-_Brady-Handy.jpg
    -The picture above is of John A. Campbell, the attorney for the butchers in the slaughterhouse cases.

  • Civil Rights Act of 1875

    This Civil Rights Act affirmed the equality of all men before the law, it guaranteed African Americans equal treatment in situations involving public transportation and public accommodations or services on juries. The law was created to protect African Americans and their civil/legal rights.
    https://goo.gl/images/kWiB9H
    -The act is depicted in this photo by the different colored hands exchanging a bill that says “Civil Rights.”

  • Radical Republicans

    The Radical Republicans were a group of American politicians that identified as a Republican in the United States political parties. They came together in 1854, but dissolved around the end of Reconstruction in 1877.
    https://goo.gl/images/YSgHR1
    -Radical Republicans start to become a part of congress as they share their anti-slavery views.

  • Bargain of 1877

    The Bargain of 1877 is also known as the Compromise of 1877. This marked the end of Reconstruction in the South. It was an informal deal to settle the disputed presidential election of 1876 and prevented any further violence or issues between the North and the South.
    https://goo.gl/images/DoQQqD
    -An image out of Harper’s Weekly that states, “A Truce-Not a Compromise.” This refers to the bargain being more informal.