Pharaohs of Progress: The Lasting Legacy of Egyptian Science and Technology

  • Cosmetics
    6000 BCE

    Cosmetics

    Developed for health and aethetic purposes and believed to be protection from evil and a sign of holiness.
  • Bowling
    5000 BCE

    Bowling

    Evidence of a game resembling bowling, using stones and wooden pins, reflecting early recreational activities.
  • Wigs
    3400 BCE

    Wigs

    Made from human or animal hair is an important aspect of fashion and hygiene that is used to protect shaved heads from the harmful rays of the sun.
  • Ink
    3200 BCE

    Ink

    Development of ink made from soot and other chemicals to produce inks with different colors for writing on papyrus that can withstand the elements of nature.
  • Hieroglyphics
    3100 BCE

    Hieroglyphics

    A complex writing system using symbols and pictures is crucial for record-keeping and communication that is written in wet clay.
  • Toothpaste and Toothbrush
    3000 BCE

    Toothpaste and Toothbrush

    Early toothpaste is made from abrasives like crushed rock salt and mint, and used with chew sticks from twigs for cleaning teeth.
  • Breath mints
    3000 BCE

    Breath mints

    Use of natural ingredients like mint and spices to freshen breath, reflecting an understanding of oral hygiene.
  • Cubit unit
    3000 BCE

    Cubit unit

    Standard measurement unit based on the length of the forearm, essential for construction and land measurement.
  • Hieratic
    2925 BCE

    Hieratic

    A simplified, cursive form of hieroglyphics used for writing on papyrus and ink that is used for record keeping and documentation.
  • Papyrus
    2900 BCE

    Papyrus

    An early form of paper made from the papyrus plant, which is abundant along the Nile River, facilitates writing and documentation.
  • Pyramid
    2780 BCE

    Pyramid

    Monumental architecture served as tombs for pharaohs, demonstrating advanced engineering and religious beliefs.
  • Mummification
    2600 BCE

    Mummification

    Preservation of bodies for the afterlife of pharaohs, reflecting beliefs in immortality and spirituality.
  • Urban Planting
    2500 BCE

    Urban Planting

    Organized city layouts with streets and public spaces, improving living conditions and governance.
  • Door lock
    2000 BCE

    Door lock

    The invention of wooden locks with bolt mechanisms, enhanced security for homes and tombs.
  • Chariots
    1600 BCE

    Chariots

    Introduction of horse-drawn chariots in warfare, transforming military tactics and transportation.
  • Clypsedra (Water Clock)
    1500 BCE

    Clypsedra (Water Clock)

    A time-measuring device using the gravity that affects the flow of water, allowing for accurate timekeeping.
  • GARRIDO, ROSE-ANN JANE Z.

    GARRIDO, ROSE-ANN JANE Z.

    BSAIS-1A