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The Consul replaced kings with Magistrates. Generals voted in The Romans made it this way for emergencies. The two Magistrates were replaced by the Dictator. The Senate informed the king. People were said to be the Sovereign, while the senate gave “advice” Roman Republic had two assemblies: the Centuriate Assembly, and the Tribal Assembly. Tribal Assembly citizens wanted to have Magistrates not be pro-military. The Centuriate Assembly was the opposite
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assembly met 1-3 times a month. Known as the "main democratic body of Athens. The council had around 500 people in it. This branch of the Athenian government supervised a few committees: Administrative committees, and thus officials. The court system had a stiff number of 6,000 jurors with chief magistrates. These positions were also chosen in bulk. All new laws made by the assembly came to the court for review.
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Thomas Hobbes is well known by the history department for political reviews. Hobbes believed that the state of nature is chaos, leading to his point that people should be placed under a social contract. A social contract is where people give up some of their rights to protect others and theirs to the sovereign. One of Hobbes's famous works is Leviathan, which states why citizens needed a strong government.
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John Locke is an English political philosopher who blew up due to some of his works. One of his most common works is Two Treatises of Government. A book that contributed to political philosophy along the lines of what was going on in England at the time. believed that people had rights when they were born, and that state of nature wasn't as bad as Hobbes said it was.
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The Bill of Rights is the first of ten amendments to the United States Constitution. it mainly just speaks out what the US rights and laws are. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bill-of-Rights-United-States-Constitution -
Baron de Montesquieu is a his political philosophies few of which are natural born rights: Liberty, Property, and Life. Montesquieu had a few famous works, one of which was Defense of the Spirit of Laws which had a great influence on the founding fathers of the separation of powers. the separation of powers would ensure that the branches would be equal power-wise. he argues that the state of nature wasn't havoc but better than havoc.
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William Blackstone is known for bringing in past government ideas and simplifying them into the laws and standards we have now. worked heavily on "Common Law..."
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George Washington is known for being the very first president of the United States. George Washington was a general in the American Revolution leading him to be unanimously chosen to be president.
George Washington wasn't part of any parties, he didn't believe in that.
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Thomas Jefferson is known for being a "draftsman" just like George Washington for the Declaration of Independence. Jefferson was the very first ever secretary of state for the United States, along with being the "second Vice President..." He is the one that made the Louisiana state purchase happen when he was the third president. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Jefferson -
James Madison was the fourth president of the Unites States that helped author the Federalist Essays. James worried about factions getting out of hand with small groups that could spread all over the country. He found ways to stop this, or to put down, with the constitution. https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Madison -
The Declaration of Independence includes four parts: Introduction, Preamble, The Body, and Conclusion. The first two are just introductions. King George III had broken their laws leading this to being published to the world. This ended up being the American Revolution. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Declaration-of-Independence -
The Articles of Confederation was passed on march first, 1781, but came up in 1777. there were issues with the Articles which lead to Shay's rebellion. this rebellion was from farmers in massachusetts demanding a revision due to https://www.britannica.com/event/Constitutional-Convention -
One of the most famous parts of the United States's Constitution is the first part of the preamble, "We the People of the United States..." This lest the readers know that the people are part of nearly everything, they also added some things to make the king look bad. The constitution is just an intro of how the government works https://www.britannica.com/topic/Constitution-of-the-United-States-of-America