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Decreasing Child Labor
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Increasing Maternal Employment
By 1955, 38% of mother with children 6-17 were employed, and there were increasing maternal employment rate during the 1900s. -
Neighborhood Crimes and Violence Increased
The inner city neighborhood become dangerous, and people were concerning about their children's safety after schools. Therefore, attending after-school programs helps children to against the development of neighborhood crimes and violence. -
The first White House Conference on Children and Youth
The first White House Conference on Children and Youth was held to discuss and improve the live of children, and it led to the development of the Comprehensive Child Development Act of 1971. -
“Windows on Daycare”
It is the first national report of the quality of child care developed by the National Council of Jewish Women (NCJW), and it emphasized severe limitations to quality child care in programs throughout the U.S.It is aiming to ensure quality programming for children from any age group. -
The Comprehensive Child Development Act of 1971
It is an act that legislated the national day care system designed partially to make it easier for single parents to work and care for children, and it was aiming to provide a quality child care for low socioeconomic status families. -
The first Congressional Children’s Caucus
It focused on the issue of latchkey children, and it found that children should learn how to make responsibility on self care. -
Child Care and Development Block Grant in 1990
It is the primary source of United States federal funding for child care subsidies for low-income working families and funds to improve child care quality. -
National Before and After School Study
It is reported that 1.7 million children in Grade K-8 were enrolled in a formal before/after school programs. -
The 21CCLCs
The 21st Century Community Learning Centers was first authorized federal funding for After-School Programs in 1994, and it improves American Schools' Act -
The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act
It is a welfare reform that designed specifically for parental employment among low-income families. It provides strong incentive to family with children move from welfare to work. -
National Survey of American Families
It is reported that roughly 6.7 million children between the ages of 6-to-12 were enrolled in an ASP. -
No Child Left Behind Act
It authorizes several federal education programs that are administered by the states. The law is a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. Under the 2002 law, states are required to test students in reading and math in grades 3–8 and once in high school. -
Afterschool Alliance
The Afterschool Alliance is the only organization dedicated to raising awareness of the importance of afterschool programs and advocating for more after-school investments.
http://www.afterschoolalliance.org -
2005 U.S. Census
It indicates that 14% (5.2 million) of 5- to 14-year-olds experience an average of 2-9 hours/week in self care. -
The National Household Education Surveys Program
It reports that 7% and 27% of students in Grades 3-5 and 6-8, respectively, spend time in self care at least once a week -
Office of the President-Elect
Obama and Biden have proposed to increase opportunities for youth to become involved in service learning and civic activities in the community. This includes requiring middle and high school students to perform 50 hours of community service each year and creating 20 “Promise Neighborhoods” in areas with high rates of poverty and crime. The Promise Neighborhoods would include a network of youth services including afterschool activities.
