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St Basil, St Augustine
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Christianity is legalized by Emperor Constantine
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Proper - day to day text varies
Ordinary (kyrie, gloria, credo, sanctus, angus dei, ite missa est) - text stays the same -
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De institutione musica (musica universal, humana, instrumental)
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Set of instructions on running a Monastery - Codified liturgy of the Office
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Gregorian Chant (primary genre of music from 6th-16th centuries) (responsorial, antiphonal, direct)
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Organum (Parallel, Mixed-Parallel, Oblique)
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Micrologus (1025) - practical guide for singers that covers notes, intervals, the eight modes, melodic composition, and improvised polyphony
Solmization - use of note names
Guidonian Hand - pneumonic teaching device -
Largest source of written down organum
Features Polyphony by Wulfstan of Winchester -
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Polyphonic composer at Notre Dame
Magnus Liber Organi (Great Book of Polyphony) -
Newly composed sections of discant inserted into preexisting organum. Associated with Notre Dame school
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First Mass celebrated 1183
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Polyphonic Composer at Notre Dame
Wrote substitute clausulae in discant style (both tenor and duplum voices moving in modal rhythm)
Created organum triplum and quadruplum -
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New genre created by musicians at Notre Dame by adding new latin text to the upper voices of discant clausulae. By 1250 motets were for three voices with two related texts in latin or french (often both)
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English compositional techniques inspired by french voice exchanges
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Extends rhymic variety of the franconian motet
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term introduced by theorist Hieronymus de Moravia to designate an existing melody (usually plainchant) on which a new polyphonic work is based
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Treatise which codified Franconian Notation. Uses relative duration of notes through different note shapes. Leads to creation of the Franconian Motet
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Highlights work of Leonin and Perotin in paris
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French composer, inventor of Ars Nova (new french musical style from 1310-1370). Introduces duple rhythm, smaller durations of note value, imperfect consonances (3rds and 6ths), and time signatures or "mensuration signs." Ars Nova motets utilized isorhythm and hocket.
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Most important composer of the French Ars Nova period. Isorhythmic motets utilizing hocket. La Messe de Notre Dame (one of the first polyphonic masses). Wrote virelais.
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Ars Nova treatise - ca. 1320
Duple rhythm, Mensuration Signs
Imperfect Consonances
Isorhythmic motets
French Chansons (treble dominate style, featuring a leading cantus and supporting tenor)
Formes Fixes (text and music have patterns of repetition including a refrain)
-Ballade: Serious, Philosophical, Historical Themes
-Rondeau: Themes of Love
-Virelai: Related Love to Natural Descriptions -
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One of the first polyphonic settings of mass ordinary
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