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He proposed a mechanical universe with small solid masses in motion.
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He proposed an "Atomic Theory" with spherical solid atoms based upon measurable properties of mass.
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He studied the effect of electricity on solutions as a splitting of molecules with electricity, and developed laws of electrolysis.
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He built the first gas discharge tubes.
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Classified elements into six families by their valence
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He arranged elements into 7 groups with similar properties. He created the Periodic Law
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Proposed electric and magnetic fields filled the void.
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He discovered cathode rays has certain properties.
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Used a CRT to study canal rays which had electrical and magnetic properties opposite of an electron
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Used a CRT to experimentally determine the charge to mass ratio of an electron and studied canal rays and found they were associated with the proton H+
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Proposed that electricity was made of discrete negative particles he called electrons.
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Using a CRT he observed that nearby chemicals glowed. He made them X-rays
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He discovered some chemicals spontaneously decompose and give off very penetrating rays.
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Studied radiations emitted from uranium and named them alpha and beta.
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Observed spontaneous disintegration of radioactive elements into variants he called isotopes
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Postulated a model of the atom with flat rings of electrons revolving around a positively charged particle
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Discovered that inert gases had a stable electron configuration which lead to their chemical inactivity
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Published the famous equation E=mc 2
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Developed an electrical device to click when hit with alpha particles
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Oil drop experiment determined the charge and the mass of an electron
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Used alpha particles as atomic bullets, probed the atoms in a piece of thin gold foil
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Using x-ray tubes, determined the charges on the nuclei of most atoms
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Discovered the existence of isotopes through the use of a mass spectrograph