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Leonardo da vinci uses glass to observe small objects
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robert hooke developed the compound microscope and was able to describe cells.
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Nehemiah Grew published the first well illustrated book on the autonomy of plants on a microscopic level.
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek observed pepper corns soaked in water expecting to find little pins or needles that he believed gave the paper corn its spicy taste but did not find what he was hoping for.
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Anton discovered bacteria from observation of his saliva.
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Matthias Schneiden and Theodor Schwan proposed cell theory saying that all plants and animals are composed of groups of cells and that the cell is the basic unit of all living things.
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Rudolph Virchow extends the theory by saying that new cells are only formed out of old cells.
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X-rays were used to produce different images of molecules which helped Dr watson and crik to discover DNA.
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Fritz Zerenekie developed a phase contact microscope which allowed cells to be viewed more clearly.
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Winfried Denk made a confocal microscope that used lasers to create a 3D image that could be studied.