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Open-Door Era
Immigration was relatively easy and encouraged. Immigrants primarily from Northwest Europe. Congress establishes "Uniform Rule of Naturalization" -
Homestead Act
This act consisted of several federal laws that gave away land for little or no cost. It allowed people and settlers to gain 160 acres of land pretty much for free. It granted applicants this land to help them start a life. -
Massacre at Sand Creek
One of the most traguc events for the Cheyenne Indians. They assumed they were being protected by the U.S. government and returned to Colorado for a peaceful winter. The army then attacks them during the night, killing more than 150 inhabitants, mostly women and chidren. Indians are forced out so others can move in. -
Creation of Bonanza Farms
These were enormous single-crop areas of many acres. Famers bought lots of land to crops as many crops as they coul. This put them deeper into debt but pulled farmers closer together. -
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Door-Ajar Era
Rate of 1 million immigrants per year continued. Shift to South, Central, and Eastern Europe. Restrictionist attitude begins with Know-Nothings and KKK. -
Chinese Exclusion Act
This act was a major restriction on free immigration. It prohibited all immigration of Chinese laborers. It effected the trades and population of thre United States because they no longer allowed Asian immigrants. -
End of Open Range
As cattle herds multiplied, overgrazing of land, bad weather, invention of barbed wire caused the industry to crash. Most ranchers turned to smaller herds and fenced in land with barbed wire. Helped turn open plains into a series of ranches and pulled people in. People moved here for easy ranching and easy money. -
Interstate Commerce Act
This act reestablished the right of the federal government to supervise railroad activities and established an ICC. The ICC had difficulty regulating anything because of the long legal process and much resistance. This angered the people and forced them away. -
Settlement Houses
Settlement houses provided assistance to people in the area, especially immigrants. It also provided educational, cultural, and social services. Women, children, and people having a hard time moved to these to seek a better life. -
The Great Migration
African Americans began migrating to escape the South. They moved to cities in the North to escape from discrimination. Floods of African Americans moved out of south and into other parts of the country almost over night. The south was down millions of people and bug city populations rose rapidly. -
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Pet-Door Era
Many pro-restrictionist groups promote acts. Immigration shifts back to Northwest Europe. Era of restrictive legislation. -
Johnson-Reed Act
This act limited the annual amount of allowed immigrants from any country. It was able to control the population of immigrants within the country. It could do this through a system of quotas. -
Great Depression
The Great Depression put everybody out of work. This situation was especially hard for the men. They were used to working and providing for their families. Everyday, they went out to the street in search of a job. As many as 300,000 people walked the country looking for work. -
Dust Bowl
The Dust Bowl wiped out millions of farms and ranches. This forced men and their families to seek better soil and way of life elsewhere. They had to move West because the storm carried dust and dirt Eastward and covered houses, cities, and any existing farms. -
World War I Influenced Migration
The war triggered one of the greatest migrations in American history. More than one million newcomers poured into California between 1941 and 1944. African Americans left south and spread to the north. -
Booming Automobile Industry
As the automobile industry boomed, it stimulated production and provided jobs in other areas, such as drive-in movies, restaurants, and shopping malls. This sudden increase in jobs pulled people in from all over the world. especially people who greatly suffered during and after the Great Depression. -
Park Forest
Park Forest created a massive shopping center. This created jobs for people. Interstate 57 was built along with an enormous mall. This caused the original shopping area to decline. -
Immigration and Naturalization Act
This act changed the way quotas were allocated by ending the National Origins Formula that had been in place in the United States. It somewhat related to the americanization movement earlier because they needed all immigrants to be able to survive in this country and become citizens. This act helped illegal immigration to reduce. -
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Revolving-Door Era
Began with Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1965. Replaced quota system with preference system. Immigration was up 60%. -
Americans on the Move
American population grew by an incredible 32.7 million to 281.4 million. For the first time in the 20th century, all 50 states gained people between census years. But because of internal migration and other factors, 10 states lost and 8 states gained seats in the 2000 Congressional apportionment. -
USA Patriot Act
This translates to "Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism." It was an act against terrorism. It put tension between Americans and anyone of Muslim decent. Stereotypes became much larger and more enforced. -
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Storm-Door Era
Began as a result of 9/11. Homeland Security is granted more duties. Acts to improve control on immigration are placed.