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Contribution:
Introduced the federalist model and the separation of powers.
Inspired Mexican liberals in 1824 to structure a federal republic. -
Contribution:
Popularized the principles of liberty, equality, and fraternity.
Inspired Mexican liberals to implement universal rights and the separation of church and state in 1857 and 1917. -
Contribution:
Introduced national sovereignty, separation of powers, and citizen representation.
Influenced both Mexican liberals and conservatives. Liberals adopted its emphasis on citizens' rights, while conservatives valued its commitment to Catholicism. -
Contribution:
An insurgent document inspired by Cádiz. Promoted popular sovereignty, individual rights, and a republican form of government.
First liberal attempt to establish a Mexican constitutional framework. -
Contribution:
A conservative movement led by Agustín de Iturbide that united royalists and insurgents.
Declared independence, upheld Catholicism as the sole religion, and proposed a constitutional monarchy. -
Mexico gains independence from Spain and inherits vast territories, including Texas.
The new government encourages settlement in Texas to strengthen control over the region. -
Contribution:
Based on the federalist and republican model promoted by liberals.
Balanced tensions between liberals and conservatives by protecting Catholicism as the official religion. -
Mexico enacts laws allowing foreigners, particularly from the U.S., to settle in Texas.
Stephen F. Austin leads the first group of American settlers. -
Mexico bans further U.S. immigration to Texas and enforces stricter laws.
Tensions rise as settlers oppose the restrictions and Mexican military presence increases. -
Armed conflicts escalate between Texan settlers and Mexican government.
On March 2, 1836, Texas declares independence, forming the Republic of Texas.
On April 21, 1836, the Texans, led by Sam Houston, defeat Santa Anna at the Battle of San Jacinto. -
French citizens in Mexico claim damages during riots, including a pastry chef who demands compensation.
France blockades Mexican ports and bombards Veracruz.
The conflict ends when Mexico agrees to pay 600,000 pesos, but tensions with France remain. -
The U.S. annexes Texas, despite Mexico never officially recognizing its independence.
This action angers Mexico and increases the likelihood of war (1845). -
A dispute over the Texas-Mexico border leads to armed conflict.
The U.S. claims the border is at the Rio Grande, while Mexico insists it is at the Nueces River. -
Contribution:
A liberal movement that restored federalism after the failure of the Siete Leyes.
Introduced individual guarantees and marked a return to the republican federal model. -
After battles in northern and central Mexico, U.S. forces capture Mexico City.
The Mexican government is forced to negotiate peace terms. -
Mexico surrenders and signs the treaty, ceding nearly half of its territory to the U.S., including California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas.
The U.S. pays $15 million to Mexico as compensation. -
The U.S. buys additional land from Mexico (southern Arizona and New Mexico) for $10 million.
This finalizes the U.S.-Mexico border as it exists today. -
Contribution:
Resulted from the victory of the liberal movement over the conservatives.
Established individual rights, eliminated ecclesiastical and military privileges, and formalized the separation of church and state.
Sparked the Reform War (1857–1860), during which conservatives sought to restore ecclesiastical privileges and a centralist government. -
Contribution:
A social movement that transcended the liberal-conservative dichotomy by focusing on social demands like land reform and labor rights.
Gave rise to the 1917 Constitution, which incorporated unique social and labor rights for its time. -
Contribution:
Incorporated social demands from the Revolution.
Retained the liberal federalism of 1824 and introduced social justice principles inspired by the French Revolution and the Mexican Revolution.
Marked the end of direct conservative influence on Mexican constitutional design.