-
Plessy v. Ferguson
A man who was apparently 7/8ths caucasian named Homer Adoph Plessy refused to sit in a Jim Crow on a train. He was arrested and his plea that his constitutional rights were being violated were denied. The court claimed that the constitution merely implies a legal distinction between whites and blacks. The reasoning was not overturned until 1954 with the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. -
CORE
The Congress of Racial Equality was a group created in 1942 by a couple of interracial students. They started small, but were able to expand. A man named James Farmer became the first national director for CORE in 1953. They mostly protested through sit ins and the like. They focused most of their time in the south during the Civil Rights movement. www.core-online.org -
Jackie Robinson
Jackie Robinson was the first African American to play in the major leagues in baseball. He played for the Dodgers and recieved a lot of hateful slurs from his teammates and baseball fans. A lot of his teammates threatened to sit out. Their manager Leo Durocher refused to trade Jackie, claiming that he would sooner trade the others rather than Jackie. He eventually became a hero even to some of his former critics. He was also a voice for African American athletes. -
Sweatt v. Painter
Heman Sweatt was denied admission into the University of Texas in 1946. The state offered an alternative school that was made for African Americans, however it wasn't as well equipped as the University of Texas. Needless to say he refused. The case was then brought to the supreme court. The supreme court ruled in Heman's favor claiming that the state did not offer opportunities to study law that was equivilent to what White students got. -
Brown v. Board of Education
Oliver Brown appealed to the supreme court when his child was denied entry into a white school. The supreme court ruled in favor of Oliver stating that school segregation, set up by the Plessy v. Ferguson case, was a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th amendment. -
Montgomery bus boycott
Rosa Parks refused to change seats and was arrested. Very well known event. Her refusal sparked a sort of revolution. Martin Luther King Jr. began a boycott of Montgomery buses. No one would ride the bus to work, school, etc.. Officials attempted to sabotage the boycott. King was arrested and homes along with churches were bombed. The boycott worked. The supreme court ruled that segregated buses were unconstitutional. -
"The Southern Manifesto"
Southern Manifesto Also known as "The Decleration of Constitutional Principles" was against racial integration. States saw the Brown v. Board of Educcation decision as "abuse of judicial power." The court revisited the case in 1958 and said that their interpretation of the constitution was the "supreme law of the land." -
SCLC
SCLC The Southern Christian Leadership Conference was created afte the Montgomery bus boycott. The aim of course was to spread civil rights in a non violent manner. -
Little Rock_Central High School
Nine African American students known as the Little Rock Nine attempted to enter Central High School. A mob gathered and the Govenor called the National Guard to stop the students from entering the school. NAACP lawyers won a federal district court case and the students were legally allowed to enter the school. They had to go through another door and needed help from the police however. Also however they had to leave early so a mob wouldn't form. -
Greensboro sit-in
4 students from North Carolina staged a sit in a Greensboro diner. The students were known as "the Greensboro Four." Because of the sit in more and more people began to do the same. Unfortunately racists did not take this lightly. There were some arrests. and beatings. The sit ins began to work though. eventually diners began to integrate and serve african american customers. -
SNCC
The Student Nonviolent Coordintating Commitee was created because of the sit ins in Greensboro. They organized "Freedom Rides", and the Marchon Washington. -
Freedom Rides
In 1961 a group of 13 students and civil rights activists created freedom rides through the south in order to protest against racism. They tried to use whites only restrooms, counters, and such. -
March on Washington
March on WashingtonThis was a march which is where MLK gave his "I have a dream" speech. Over 200'000 Americans showed up. -
Civil Rights Act
PassedThe Civil Rights Act was passed in 1964 and nullified and laws about segregation and such.
