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He is one of the most influential philosophers in the history of Western philosophy. His contributions to metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, and aesthetics have had a profound impact on almost every philosophical movement that followed him. He made the Kantian ethics which developed as a result of Enlightenment rationalism, is based on the view that the only intrinsically good thing is a good will; an action can only be good if its maxim – the principle behind it – is duty to the moral law. -
Was a French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist. He is generally considered as one of the most notable intellectual figures of the Dutch Golden Age. He developed the conception of moral virtue and happiness along with other accounts of values and norms. His metaphysical and epistemological claims promote eudaemonia. -
Was an Italian Dominican friar, Catholic priest, and Doctor of the Church. He was an immensely influential philosopher, theologian, and jurist in the tradition of scholasticism, within which he is also known as the Doctor Angelicus and the Doctor Communis. The moral philosophy of him involves a merger of at least two apparently disparate traditions: Aristotelian eudaemonism and Christian theology. For him, economic transactions, as human interactions, cannot be separated from ethics. -
Pythagoras of Samos was the founder of the influential philosophical and religious movement or cult called Pythagoreanism, and he was probably the first man to actually call himself a philosopher (or lover of wisdom). He allegedly exercised an important influence on the work of Plato. Members of the school that he established at Croton were required to live ethically, love one another, share political beliefs, practice pacifism, and devote themselves to the mathematics of nature. -
-Socrates was a Greek philosopher from Athens who is credited as the founder of Western philosophy and among the first moral philosophers of the ethical tradition of thought.
-He believed that people only did wrong when the perceived benefits outweighed the costs.
-“No one commits an evil act knowingly, and doing wrong arises out of ignorance. -
He was a hugely important Greek philosopher and mathematician from the Socratic (or Classical) period. He is perhaps the best known, most widely studied and most influential philosopher of all time. In Ethics, he had a teleological or goal-orientated worldview. He concluded that reason and wisdom should govern, thus effectively rejecting the principles of Athenian democracy as only a few are fit to rule. -
He is one of the most important founding figures in Western Philosophy, and first to create a comprehensive system of philosophy, mainly Ethics, Aesthetics, Politics, etc. He made some highly influential contributions to the field of Ethics. He considered Ethics to be a practical science but also a general, rather than a certain, knowledge. Unlike some other moral philosophers before him, he started by posing the very general question of what it actually means to lead a good human life. -
Epicurus was a Greek philosopher of the Hellenistic period. He was the founder ancient Greek philosophical school of Epicureanism, whose main goal was to attain a happy, tranquil life, characterized by the absence of pain and fear, through the cultivation of friendship, freedom and an analyzed life. His metaphysics was generally materialistic, his Epistemology was empiricist, and his Ethics was hedonistic.