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Advocates for Black Nationalism
- Nation of Islam, Malcom X Nationalism is one of the leaders of this change was a former convict
- As activism spread beyond the South, the civil rights movement was changing.
- As a Black Muslim, Malcolm X rejected the goals of the early civil rights movement.
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Congress of Racial Equality Founded
- Civil Rights
- This was named the CORE
- The CORE was founded in Chicago
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Dodgers Hire Jackie Robinson
-color line the barrier whites and blacks getting separated
- Jackie Robinson and the Dodgers brake the color line
- Robison took the field in 1937 -
Executive order 9981
- Segregation
- president Truman signed this -Executive order 9981 ends our amed forces by Segregation
- Segregation
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Brown vs Board of Education
- Brown vs Board of Education- Brown parents challenge the school board and want white and black students to attend the same schools
- The Brown family fought for desegregation and said segregated schools was unconstitutional they won the case and schools began to be desegregated 1952-1954
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Montgomery Bus Boycott
- Boycott & Rosa Parks
- Even though the Brown v Board outlawed segregation in schools there is still segregation
- Rosa Parks, a 43 year old African American woman refused to give her seat away to a white passenger on the bus
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Integration of Central High School
- Little Rock Nine nine black students integrated Central High School
- Gov. Faubus used the National Guard to Prevent desegregation
- Pres. Eisenhower issued order to enforce integration
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First lunch counter sit-in
- Jim Crow Laws & Sit-ins nonviolent protest against discrimination in the south
- Sat down in white only public places and refused to move
- African American students sat at lunch counter in Woolworth drug store in Greensboro
- Jim Crow Laws & Sit-ins nonviolent protest against discrimination in the south
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Birmingham campaign
- SCLC
- Martin Luther King Jr. said the Birmingham was most segregated city in the country
- MLK sent a Letter from a Birmingham Jail,” King explained why African Americans were using civil disobedience and other forms of direct action to protest segregation.
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Freedom Rides
- Civil disobedience Breaking unjust laws
- Targeted interstate bus system in the south
- CORE to test if southern states were following Supreme Court ruling
- Civil disobedience Breaking unjust laws
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March on Washington
- NAACP National Association for Advancement of Colored People
- 250,00 people marched on Washing, Dc for civil rights
- Organized by civil rights leaders
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Civil Rights Act of 1964
-Plessy v. Ferguson Segregation of public places as long as they where equal
- Banned discrimination based on race
- President Johnson signed into law -
Watts Riot + Kerner Commission
- Kerner Commission, ghettos -. The cause of the riot was a charge of false arrest.
- These riots lasted for six long days
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Voting Rights Act of 1965
- Disenfranchise
- The act helped to increase voter turn out
- African Americans where finally aloud to vote
- Literacy test where no longer used
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Black Panther Party Founded
- Black power, SNCC
- Militant black nationalist who fought for ecumenic and political equality
- they stopped police from miss treating blacks
- some times there where violent and carry guns
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Civil Rights Act of 1968
- discrimination
- this clive rights act included fair housing this banned discrimination in sales and rentals
- King had shifted his focus from integration to economic equality. As part of this campaign, he took on the issue of racial discrimination in housing that is why the civil right law was passed
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Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg Board of Education
- desegregation of schools
- Federal Judge mandated that school districts use buses to help integrate schools
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Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
- First case on affirmative action
- Suprem Court decided that race maybe be used as one but not the only factor in school admission
- Bakke was allowed to go to medical school
