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The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) - Public Law 89-10
<a href='' >Teaching Students Who Are Exceptional, Diverse, and At Risk in the General Education Classroom- 6th edition- Vaughn,Bos, Schumm</a>The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) was passed into law. This initiated the role of the Federal Government in protecting and providing for students that were from disadvantaged backgrounds, creating an equal access to the public education system for these students. This included provisions for free and reduced lunches, additional teachers, and access to high-quality education programs to disadvantaged communities and families. -
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History of the Federal Laws and Court Cases for the Education of Learners Who are Exceptional
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Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
<a href='' >Teaching Students Who Are Exceptional, Diverse, and At Risk in the General Education Classroom- 6th edition- Vaughn, Bos, and Schumm</a>This court case was influencial to providing equal education to all students. (PARC) challenged the constitutionality of excluding individuals with mental retardation from public education and training. In the ruling, the state was not allowed to "deny to any mentally retarded child access to a free public program of education and training." -
Educational Amendments Act (Public Law 93-380)
<a href='' >Teaching Students Who Are Exceptional, Diverse, and At Risk in the General Education Classroom- 6th edition- Vaughn, Bos, and Schumm</a>This law granted funds to states for programming for exceptional learners. It also provides the first federal funding of state programs for students who are gifted and talented. This law also granted students and families the right of due process in special education placement. -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA) - public law 94-142, Part B
<a href='' >Teaching Students Who Are Exceptional, Diverse, and At Risk in the General Education Classroom- 6th edition- Vaughn, Bos, and Schumm</a>Also known as the "Mainstreaming Law," this law required states to provide a free and appropriate public education for children with disabilities (ages 5 to 18). This law also required individualized education programs (IEPs). It was the first law to define "least restrictive environment." -
Honig v. Doe
<a href='' >Teaching Students Who Are Exceptional, Diverse, and At Risk in the General Education Classroom- 6th edition- Vaughn, Bos, and Schumm</a>This court case benefitted individuals with emotional and/or behavior disorders who have academic and social problems. The court ruled that schools could not expel children for behaviors related to their disability. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) public law 101-476
<a href='' >Teaching Students Who Are Exceptional, Diverse, and At Risk in the General Education Classroom- 6th edition- Vaughn, Bos, and Schumm</a>This law renames and replaces P.L. 94-142 (EAHCA). This law establishes "people-first" language for referring to people with disabilities. It extends special education services to include social work, assisstive technology, and rehabilitation services and extends provisions for due process and confidentiality for students and parents. This law adds two new categories of disability: autism and traumatic brain injury. This law also enforces programs for bilingual students and transition services. -
IDEA public law 105-17
<a href='' >Teaching Students Who Are Exceptional, Diverse, and At Risk on the General Education Classroom- 6th edition- Vaughn, Bos, and Schumm</a>This law requires that all students with disabilities continue to receive services, even if they have been expelled from school. It requires a general education teacher to be a member of the IEP team. It also requires students with disabilities to take part in statewide and districtwide assessments, and requires a proactive behavior management plan to be included in the student's IEP if a student with disabilities has a behavior problem. -
No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)
<a href='' >Teaching Students Who Are Exceptional, Diverse, and At Risk in the General Education Classroom- 6th edition- Vaughn, Bos, and Schumm</a>This act improves performance of elementary and secondary schools by incresing school, district, and state accountability for all students, including those from minority populations and those with special needs. It provides more flexibility in how states use federal funds as long as standards of accountability are met. It offers school choice for students enrolled in failing schools. It also implements early reading interventions. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA) public law 108-446
<a href='' >Teaching Students Who Are Exceptional, Diverse, and At Risk in the General Education Classroom- 6th edition- Vaughn, Bos, and Schumm</a>This allows districts to use a response-to-intervention (RTI) model for determining whether a child has a specific learning disabilitiy and no longer requires that a child have a severe discrepancy between achievement and intellectual ability to qualify. It raises standards for special education licensure. It also adopts policies designed to prevent the disproportionate representation of students in special education by race and ethnicity.
