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A Bill for the More General Diffusion of Knowlegde
Thomas Jefferson wanted a more systematic and encompassing education arrangement. He envisioned public support for secondary schools and scholarships for the best students. He instead elementary schools where children male and female would be admitted without charge. Where every one would learn basic education. -
Survey of the "Northwest Territory"
Continental Congress passes a law calling to survey the "Northwest Territory" . This law created townships reserving a portion of each to make a local school. The Continental Congress assuming it had the right to sell or give away occupied Native Land. The land grants eventually became the land grant universities. -
Plessy V. Freguson
This case stemmed form the incident in 1892 where Homer Plessy refused to sit in a car for black people. The supreme court ruled on May 18, 1896 that separate but equal facilities were constitutional. It stated that it was fair as long as the rights were political and civil rights not social rights. -
Equal Pay
NAACP brings suites over unequal pay for black and white teachers in the southern states. Losing African American worker to the northern cities added to the pressure. The pressure lead to some increased spending on black schools in the south. -
Brown v. Board of Education
Linda Brown could not attend a less crowded and closer all white-school. Linda, her father and other parents filed a law suite against the Board of Education of the City of Topeka. Arguing that separating schools based on skin color was unconstitutional. When the court first heard this case it was not resolved. Thee rehearing of the case was in 1953 with judge Earl Warren who issued the decision that segregated schools were inherently unequal on May 17, 1954. -
Little Rock, Arkansas public schools
The integration of Little Rock, Arkansas public schools. The governor send National Guards in order to protect the 9 African American children that would attend the all white school Central High. But President Eisenhower sends federal troops instead. Not wanting the military to be used to "defy" federal government. -
Pennsylvania Association of Retarded Children v. Commonwealth
A law in Pennsylvania allowed public schools to deny admitting children with cognitive disabilities. Education was denied to children that could not reach the metal capacity of a 5 year old by the age of 8 years old. On October 8, 1971 the court declared that many of the state laws were unconstitutional. Th court required all students with metal disabilities ages 6-21 had to be in a proper funded educational setting. Starting point to IDEA. -
Title IX
Title IX is a federal act that states that no one shall be denied the right of an educational program or activity based on gender. Applying to educational facilities public and private. The act requiring that male and females be given equal opportunities and scholarships. -
Education of all Handicapped Children Act
The Education of all Handicapped Children Act requires public schools to provide appropriate educational services for all children with disabilities ages 3 - 21. This law allowed many children with disabilities to have a chance to learn and have a brighter future. Funds are given to states with special education programs all complying with the federal guidelines. -
Plyler v. Doe
A case in where a law in Texas was passed that allowed school funding to be taken away from undocumented children. This meant that free public school could not teach children based on their legal status. In June 1982 with a vote 5 to 4 the court decided that there was more harm caused if the children did not learn than teaching them. There were how ever states that tried to but measure to prevent children for undocumented families from attending however it was shut down by the court. -
Force v. Pierce City R-VI School District
A girl wanted to try out for a junior high football team but the school only held all-male tryout due to it's policy. The school distract refused to give her the opportunity to try out just based on the fact that she is a female. The young girl claimed in court that the school board was violating her 14th amendment. The distract court ruling in favor of the girl. -
IDEA
Public Law 94–142 or Education of all Handicapped Children Act was changed to IDEA (individuals with disabilities education act). In 1990, amendments to the law were passed, changing the name to IDEA. -
Chipman v. Grant County School District
Female high school students were denied the access to the National Honors Society because they were pregnant and were unmarried mothers. The NHS claimed it was because of their character not their pregnancy. On December 29, 1998 the judge decided that the NHS had to admit the girl for the rest of the senior year. This because the school board did not look into every member's sexual activity history they only had visual evidence because the girls were pregnant.