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Start of Schools
The state of Pennsylvania's constitution announced that towns with 50 people should have at least one elementary school. It also was announced that towns with 100 people or more should offer a Latin school. The state wants to make sure that Puritan children learned how to read the Bible and learn about their religion. -
Free school, for some
Pennsylvania's state constitution announced that free education would be provided for people that are poor. Rich families were expected to pay for their child's education. -
First High School in the U.S.
The first public high school was opened in the U.S. It was in Boston, MA. -
Free School for All
Massachusetts passes a law that all schooling is free. This was for all ages. -
Slavery
During this year most southern states had laws that disallowed teachers to teacher students in slavery how to read. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
The U.S. Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation. The court said that it was okay as long as the students were separate but equal. Schools were separated based on race. The court ruled in a 7 to 1 vote. This law violated the rights in the 14th Amendment. -
G.I. Bill of Rights
After World War 2 ended the G.I. Bill of Rights offered working class men scholarships for school. This was the first time this had happened in United States history. -
Brown v. Board of Education
This case found that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. Racial segregation violated the 14th Amendment. The vote was unanimous. This case jumpstarted a lot of Civil Rights Movements. People could now fight for the desegregation of housing, public accommodations, and establishments of higher education. -
Title IX
This legislation states "no person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance". Male and female students have equal opportunity for education and equality in education. Harassment on the basis of sex is also included in this law. It was enacted by the 92nd United States Congress. -
Education of All Handicapped Children Act
This act is also known as Public Law 94-142. It requires public schools to provide appropriate educational services for all children with disabilities. This was for ages between 3 and 21. The law authorized financial incentives to enable states and localities to comply with Public Law 94-142. -
Plyler v. Doe
In this case it was found that states could not constitutionally deny students a free public education on account of their immigration status. During this, immigrants were awarded 14th Amendment rights. This greatly affected immigrants in the U.S. The flood of immigrants coming into the country now had an equal opportunity for learning. -
No Child Left Behind Act
No Child Left Behind is also known as NCLB. This act closed the student achievement gap by providing all children with a fair, equal, and significant opportunity to acquire a high-quality education. It authorized federal education programs administered by the states. It is also known as Public Law 107-110. This act is no longer used. -
Every Student Succeeds Act
This act replaces the No Child Left Behind Act. Every Student Succeeds Act is also known as ESSA. It modified but did not eliminate provisions relating to the recurring standardized tests given to students. Students take these tests from grades K-12. It makes sure that public schools provide a quality education for all kids. This was found for reauthorization for the 2020-2021 school year.