Joan of Arc

Start of the Hundred Years War

1337

The Hundred Years' War was a war that took place in the 14th-15th centuries. It sparked when Charles IV of France died and the causing the kings of both regions to fight for the crown and region. At first it seemed like the French had the advantage due to their superior military but the English's longbows proved to be the superior weapon, striking down most cavalry charges, and be quicker and easier to use than the French crossbows. This war shaped all of Joan of Arc's life (Lace 12).

Birth of Joan of Arc

May 30, 1412

Joan of Arc was born in Doremy, France. She was born into a time period known as the Hundred Years War, where the English had invaded northern France with the support of the Burgundians. She later became known as The Maid of Orléans and turned the tide in this war that seemed impossible (Joan)

Henry the V Crowned King of England

1413

Henry V of England was crowned king in 1413 after the death of his father. He rose to power and became one of the most powerful men on the planet of his time period. He influenced Europe in many ways, most notably his two successful invasions of France despite being vastly outnumbered (Henry V)

Death of Owen Glendower

1416

Owen Glendower was the self proclaimed leader of Wales who lead a rebellion against English rule. After he had gained control of almost all of the Welsh people, the English came and crushed his rebellion. However, some continued to fight against England but when he died in 1416, this marked the end of the last major Welsh rebellion. (Britannica)

Martin V Elected Pope

1417

In 1417, Martin V was elected pope of England. He helped end the Great Schism and united the Catholic church for the first time in many years, as it had been divided due to two popes who had large groups of followers having power in the English Church. This made his rule extremely important to the restoration of the Catholic Church and uniting the people. (Britannica)

Henry the Navigator Sponsors African Exploration

1418

Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal sponsored African exploration in 1418. This helped not only rediscover many islands off the coast of Africa but helped start European exploration to other regions in the world. It also helped spread Christianity to other regions of the world through missionaries. (Henry)

Joan of Arc First Hears the Voice of Saint Michael the Archangel

1424

When Joan of Arc reached the age of thirteen, she began to hear voices in her head, commanding her on what she needed to do in order for France to win the war. She later determined this to be the voice of Saint Michael the Archangel speaking on behalf of God. this event is important because these voices were the cause of all her actions from that point on (Lace 29)

Joan Leaves Domrémy to Find Baudricourt

1429

At the age of 16, Joan left her home town Domrémy to find Baudricourt, a man loyal to Charles, the leader of France at the time. After originally relenting, she convinced him that she would be the savior of France, and managed to convince him to take her to Charles. This event was important because if she had not been able to get to Charles then she would've never done anything for the war. (Lace 34)

Attack on Bastille de Tourelles

May 7, 1429

On May 7, 1429 one of the most important battles of Joan of Arc's life was won at Bastille de Tourelles. This was vital because it was the most fortified and secure of the English forts that surrounded Orleans. After this victory, the English soldiers marched out and left Orleans, securing the city and ending the siege. This was one of her most important accomplishments and earned her the nickname "The Maid of Orleans (Lace 57)

Battle of Patay

Jun 19, 1429

The Battle of Patay, on June 19, 1429 was another one of greatest victories but also maybe one of her greatest mistakes. It was a decisive victory caused from Joan and her forces leading a surprise attack on one of the English armies. The English had almost two thousand casualties while the French had very few. However, if she had used this opportunity to attack Paris while the English were disorganized she might have ended the war but instead she followed the voices to Reims (Lace 69)

Coronation of King Charles VII

Jul 16, 1429

After many important victories, Joan of Arc and her army finally reached Reims where the voices had told her to go to crown Charles as King Charles VII of France. This was one of her main goals throughout her whole life other than winning the war against the English. This was extremely important because it raised support of Charles and made more people believe in her that she was sent by god and overall, united France. (Lace 71)

Joan Departs from Charles for the Last Time

1430

After Charles had been crowned, Joan had little freedom to help fight in the war. She wasn't permitted to leave or attack anyone. Unhappy with the lack of any ability to help the French in the war, she left for Compiegne, hoping that Charles would follow her. He did not and they never saw each other again. This is important because it marks the point in Joan's life where she no longer had as strong of support from the king which eventually lead to her capture and death (Nichol 106)

Joan is Captured by the English Army

Feb 1, 1430

After a Burgundian attack on Compiegne Joan and her soldiers went to defend the city. However, the drawbridge to the city was raised while she was outside, trapping her outside the walls. Her and her army were quickly captured by the Burgundians forces and Joan was sold to the English. This event is important because it its is what eventually lead to the cause of her death (Lace 82).

Joan of Arc Burned at the Stake for Heresy

1431

After Joan was captured, she was held and eventually condemned for heresy for wearing men's clothes. As she was burned she yelled "Jesus!" and then died. This caused an extreme emotional effect on the people at the trial as they believed they had truly burned a saint (Lace 9)

Eugene IV Elected Pope

1431

In 1431, Eugene the IV was elected pope of England. This marked a new religious leader of England. As pope, Eugene helped supply the poor with money to help them. However, he also caused many conflicts among the community as he had disagreements with many of the noble houses (Eugene)

Khmer City of Angkor is Abandoned

1431

The Khmer City of Angkor in Cambodia was abandoned after many attacks by other Asian armies. It was finally sacked in 1431 after the Tai state of Ayutthaya and its armies attacked it, finally making everyone leave. This ended the Khmer dynasty which had formerly been one of the greatest kingdoms in Cambodia. (Reynolds)