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Joan d' Arc was born in 1412 though the exact date is unknown. She was born to Jacques d' Arc in Domrémy in France. Domrémy is a small country town in the north eastern half of France and like many of the other towns in France they placed faith in their religion. This resulted in Joan being born into a highly religious house hold. She was also born in the midst of the 100 year war. (BOOK JOAN)
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Joanot Mortorell was a Vaencian knight. Mortorell was also a Spanish writer, he began a novel surrounding the scene of burning in the book Don Quixote. When Mortorell died unexpectedly a college finished the novel for him.
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The Portuguese Prince Henry sponsors trip to Africa to bolster Portugal's economy.
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Trezzo sull'Adda Bridge was the longest arch bridge of the time. It was placed in Italy and in 1416 it was destroyed by the condottiero Carmagnola. It wasn't beaten until Wearmouth bridge in England was built.
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Before 1417 the nighttime was a dangerous time and almost no one would wander after sundown. In the midst of 1417 street lamps were lit for the first time on record. From then on people could travel in the evening with less fear.
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In 1418 University of Rostock was established as the oldest university in the north of Europe. Rostock is a public uni. in northern Germany. It was founded by Pope Martin V.
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Around the age of twelve Joan began hearing voices. She claimed them to be the Archangel Michel telling her of God's will. From him she was given three tasks, relieve the siege of Orleans, crown Charles II and to drive out the English from France. While the voices began as only Archangel Michel it then moved on to hearing Saint Catherine and Saint Margret. (BOOK JOAN)
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Beijing becomes the largest city in the world. The previous leader in population was Nanjing. The largest population has been in China for centuries now.
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In May of 1428 Joan makes her way to Vaucouleurs where followers conjoined. There she requested Robert de Baudricourt to give her men to travel to Charles, the first time she asked she was denied. As she continued to ask for assistance, she was eventually granted it with a following of men who believed her to be the person of grand prophecy stating she would save France and drive away the English. (HIST.COM)
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Towards the evening of March 6th Joan visited the Dauphin. She walked into the castle filled with displays of grandeur. When she arrived Joan quickly identified Charles VII despite his attempt to blend in with he crowd. It was a sign of her holiness and when Joan spoke to Charles of one of his secrets he placed his trust in her as well. Others, however, where not so trusting and had Joan questioned by numerous priests and professors.
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On May 8th of 1429 Joan d' Arc commanded a number of men to Orleans, defying Governor Raoul de Gaucourt orders to wait for reinforcements. As they traveled
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On the 16th of July in 1429 Charles the seconded entered Reims to be crowned. While many of the pieces of the crowning ceremony had been taken by the English in the hopes of discouraging the French. However the () oil remained and a lesser crown was used so that in less than a day Charles the second was crowned and became King Charles II. (BOOK JOAN)
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While Joan wanted to travel to the Paris Charles VII was working on a deal with the Duke of Burgundy. Swiftly Joan discovered the treachery but Charles decided to move on to Paris regardless. However because of the treaty Charles signed the French enemies were able to erect defenses around Paris.
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In the midst of spring King Charles instructed Joan to confront a Burgundian assault on Compiégne. The result of this was the Burgundians taking her captive. After being taken she was then brought to a castle before being sent to England. (HIST.COM & BIO.COM)
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Joan was taken to England where she was tried as someone against the Church. She was treated poorly her entire time of captivity and was commonly molested by the 'guards', while they were scolded it was lightly. Joan tried to argue for treatment as a ecclesiastical prisoner where she would be allowed to stay at a monastery with the nuns. (DK BOOK)
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On May 31, 1431 Joan of Arc was burned at the stake after a year of captivity in England. She was tried for over 70 crimes which included being a witch, heresy and cross dressing. There was no attempt made by Charles for her release and a little bit later she was taken to a town square to be burned. Only after her death was she cleared of her crimes and it took even longer before she was canonized by Pope Benedict XV. (HIST.COM)
