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At 7:53 a.m. the first wave of Japanese Bombers attackd the Pearl Harbor Naval base at Oahu, Hawaii. It was an event that catapaulted the United States into World War II.
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President Franklin D. Roosevelt, responding teo Japan's military might and concerns that Americans of Japanese descentmight be disloyal, signed Executive Order 9066. The order authorized the military to create "exclusion zones" from which "any and all persons might be excluced."
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By May 1942 the military leaders declared that both coasts of the United States were exclusion zones and ordered all people of Japanese descent -- men, women and children to leave those areas and go to "relocation centers."
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In 1942. Japanese American, Fred Korematsu refused to go to the internment camps and was arrested,
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In 1943 all internees over the age of seventeen were given a loyalty test. They were asked two questions:
- Are you willing to serve in the armed forces of the United States on combat duty wherever ordered? (Females were asked if they were willing to volunteer for the Army Nurse Corps or Women's Army Corps.)
- Will you swear unqualified allegiance to the United States of America and faithfully defend the United States from any or all attack by foreign or domestic forces and forswear any form
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In 1944 the United States Supreme Court upheld Fred Korematsu's concition on grounds of military necessity.
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Fred Korematsu appealed his case in 1983. Later that year a federal court in San Francisco overturned the conviction, stating that the government's case at the time had been based on false, misleading, and racially biased information.
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President Reagon signed the Act that awarded $20,000 to every surviving evacuee along with an apology. Was it enough?
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Check out this site created by a NYC high school student.
See what your conclusion is -- should "due process" be suspended during wartime?
Copy and paste this URL into your browser:
http://www2.maxwell.syr.edu/plegal/tips/t5prod/dobbswq1.html
