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The Massachusetts Supreme Court rules that the state can segregate schools. The U.S. Supreme Court will use this case in the "separate but equal" doctrine in Plessy v Ferguson.
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Secession of the southern states marks the start of the Civil War. Photo credit: history.com
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The Supreme Court finds that Homer Plessy -- by Louisiana law, a black man -- could not ride the white train car. This case becomes the basis for Jim Crow and state-sponsored segregation of public schools. Photo credit: www.gilderlehrman.org
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Barbara Johns, a student in Virginia, organizes students in a strike to protest school segregation. Photo credit: billmoyers.com
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The Supreme Court in Brown v Board overturns Plessy v Ferguson and declares segregated schools "inherently unequal." Photo credit: britannica.com
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The Little Rock Nine are escorted by the National Guard to integrate Central High School.
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Ruby Bridges is escorted by federal marshals to integrate a school in New Orleans. Credit: Norman Rockwell
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Ole Miss is ordered by a federal court to admit James Meredith. A mob riots on campus. Photo credit: wikipedia
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Vivian Malone and James A. Hood register at the University of Alabama despite Alabama Governor George Wallace standing in the doorway. Photo credit: nbcnews.com
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Title IV of the act authorizes the federal government to file school desegregation cases. Title VI prohibits discrimination in programs and activities receiving federal financial assistance.
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The Supreme Court approves busing as a remedy for residential segregation. Photo credit: http://learninglab.legacy.wbur.org/
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A study by Harvard's Civil Rights Project finds that schools are resegregating. http://www.gse.harvard.edu/news/new-national-study-finds-increasing-school-segregation
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Charter schools are hailed as a solution to education woes in America, but some critics are afraid that they will lead to segregated schools.
