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Period: to
New England Primer
Massachusetts
alphabet, vowels, capital letters, lists of words 2-6 syllables long, verses, woodcut pictures for each letter; religious overtones
Why? An excellent text book to teach beginning reading -
English Poor Law
England
English Poor Law established; principle of tax-supported schools
Why? Began first public government school -
Secondary School
Colonial America
Boston Latin Grammar School founded - secondary school/college prep for boys; taught Latin, writing, etc.
Why? Began further education preparing children for college -
Law of 1642
Massachusetts
parents and "masters" held accountable by law to make sure children are educated
Why? By law children had to go to school so children who would have otherwise missed out on an education because of their parents now must attend -
American Academy
Pennsylvania
First academy in the US; to create skilled workers; taught kids who weren't being educated in college prep schools; private schools; admitted girls; trained teachers
Why? taught trade skills and created teachers -
Period: to
Noah Webster Dictionary
his Blue-backed Speller books (The American Spelling Book) replace the New England Primer; alphabet,
syllables, consonants, word lists, rules for speaking, moral advice; stories taught five generations of children in
the United States how to spell and read, and his name became synonymous with "dictionary"
Why? his little book is used everyday by millions of people -
Emile
France: Jean Jacques Rousseau
publishes Emile ; philosopher wrote on education; "naturalism" = bring learning to the child's level, no eloquence rather simple, hands-on, have a positive view of children; people inherently good
Why? brought learning to the childs level -
Pestlozzianism
Europe: Johann Pestalozzi
Institute at Yverdon established; Pestlozzianism approach to teaching eventually spread to US = love and patience better than harsh discipline; children learn from first-hand experiences
Why? changed the views of teaching to a less harsh one -
Beginning of Blackboards
USA
teaching materials = slate stone framed with wood; students wrote assignments on them vs. table paper; later made blackboards
Why? a main tool used by teachers -
High School
Massachusetts
first American high school formed, 3-yr courses in English, math, science, history, philosophy, chemistry, logic, French, US Constitution; public schooling vs. the private Latin Grammar Schools
Why? first high school -
The Education of Man
Germany: Friedrich Froebel
publishes The Education of Man ; forms the first kindergarten; originated idea that women are best suited to teach young children; influenced by Rousseau and Pestalozzi
Why? First early childhood education -
Period: to
College for Teachers
USA
major population increase = need for more teachers; teacher ed programs expanded to 3-4 years; state
teachers' colleges began awarding baccalaureate degrees, added secondary education to teacher training
Why? teachers are more educated creating more qualified teachers -
Alvarez v. Lemon Grove School District
California
Alvarez v. Lemon Grove School District becomes the first successful school desegregation case; forbids the
school district from placing Mexican-American children in a separate "Americanization" school
Why? no longer have segregated schools -
Period: to
Bettering Education
USA
new emphasis: physical fitness, character-education, tightening of educational standards, creativity enhanced,
inter-age groupings, broad groupings of subject, pupil characteristics, gifted programs, foreign language instruction, experimental schools, development of diagnostic instruments for finding learning disabilities, additional school personnel hired (aides, counselors, social workers, school psychologists)
Why? creates a better education for kids with disabilities and gifted -
National Defense Education Act
USA
Russians launch Sputnik, so Congress passes National Defense Education Act (NDEA) to provide massive Federal Funding to improve schools' science, math, engineering and foreign language programs
Why? improved areas of education that needed it -
Personal Computer
USA
The Apple II computer introduced as one of the first personal computers; it becomes popular in schools
Why? Computers are now a basis of education with online schooling -
Common Core
USA
National Governors Association and American Federation of Teachers endorse developing national, "common core" academic standards by comparing student performance on international tests
Why? a new teaching standard based on facts and other country's success
