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Important precedents in the laws of education
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Diana v. State Board of Education
A group of Spanish speaking students were tested in English, and due to this issue they were placed in special education classrooms. This event set the precedent that students could not be judged based off their native language. - https://spark.adobe.com/page/oZ4zE/, Taylor Spratt -
Covarrubias vs. SanDiego USD
This was a ruling on how some schools had incorrectly classifies some Mexican-Americans as disabled due to their inability to speak English well. -
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
The court ruled that these mentally impaired children were being discriminated against by the the commonwealth of Pennsylvania on multiple different accounts and instances. -
Mills v. Board of Education, District of Columbia
This was a court case that determined that students with disabilities should have the same access to public education as other students. And even if the students are unable to pay for the cost of the education. The case ruled that "all children are entitled to free public education and training appropriate to their learning capacities". -
Larry P. v. Riles case
This case was an issue where African-American students were given unfair intelligence test to determine their mental capacity. The ruling of this case outlawed the use of iq tests towards african-american children's special education nationally. -
Dept of Ed. vs. Katherine D
This court ruling was presented because a girl with cystic fibrosis and adverse medical conditions were effecting her ability to speak properly. Because of this the school system decided that she would best learn from home. But due to the educational capabilities they had back then, the court ruled that home bound schooling is not in fact a least restrictive environment, and can be very restrictive. -
Hendrick Hudson School vs. Rowley
In this court case judges reviewed the Education For the Handicapped act, and decided that just basic instruction was not adequate in special education scenarios. And that this instruction of the Handicapped should give them an educational benefit that they need to succeed in life. -
Irving Indep. School District vs. Tatro
This court case helped define the difference between the terms "School health services" and :"medical services". This ruling helped many physically disabled students attend schooling, while also give coverage to non-exceptional students who might need extra health services. -
Burlington School Committee vs. DOE
This ruling states that school districts have to pay for a student's private schooling placement, if their IEP programs were unable to fit the child's needs. -
Honig vs. Doe
This ruling states that children with special needs cannot be expelled or removed from the school due to violence or misbehavior within a certain set of standards. -
Timothy W. vs. Rochester School
States that schools must provide special-education services to any disabled student regardless of the severity of his or her disabilities. -, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Timothy-W-v-Rochester-New-Hampshire-School-District -
Danny R. R. vs. State Board of Ed.
This ruling stated that that if a child with a disability performs well in a classroom and can receive a satisfactory education, than they have that right. Even if it is not the best academic setting for the child, Non-academic benefits should be considered as well. -
Board of Education in Sacramento, CA vs. Holland
This court case was another ruling on the meaning of Least Restrictive Environment. A girl with moderate mental retardation, bit seemed to learn fine in a normal classroom without being disruptive. -, https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/1379958/bd-of-educ-sacramento-city-school-d-v-holland/ -
Florence County School District vs. Carter
This ruling states that parents can be reimbursed for the amount of money it cost them to withdraw their student out of a school that did not give them the proper special education requirements, in most scenarios. -, https://unicourt.com/case/ca-sd-san-diego-housing-commission-vs-laura-s-covarrubias-429948 -
Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe
This case confirmed that students may not use a school's loudspeaker system to offer student-led, student-initiated prayer. The Court held that this action did constitute school-sponsored prayer because the loudspeakers that the students used for their invocations were owned by the school. -
Zelma v. Simmons-Harris
The Ohio Pilot Scholarship Program allowed certain Ohio families to receive tuition aid from the state. This would help offset the cost of tuition at private, including religiously affiliated schools. The Supreme Court rejected First Amendment challenges to the program and stated that such aid does not violate the Establishment Clause. -
Grutter v. Bollinger Holding:
Barbara Grutter stated that her Equal Protection rights were violated when the University of Michigan Law School's tried to have a more diverse student bod. Which resulted in her admission's application being denied. The Supreme Court disagreed and decided that institutions of higher education have a legitimate interest in promoting diversity. -
The editing of the IDEA act in 2004
In the Findings of IDEA 2004, Congress described ongoing problems with the over-identification of minority children, including mislabeling and high dropout rates, this was addressed and changed to more accurately represent african-american students. -
ARLINGTON CENTRAL SCHOOL DIST. v. MURPHY
This was a court case where the judges ruled that the IDEA laws do not authorize the payment of the experts' fees of the prevailing parents in home schooling situations. -, https://openjurist.org/272/f2d/352/covarrubias-v-united-states -
Winkelman v. Parma City School District
The Supreme Court rejected the school district’s argument that the statute does not adequate put states on notice of additional costs they may incur as a result of parents’ pro-se litigation of educational claims. As well as holding that the determination that IDEA grants parents independent, enforceable rights does not impose any substantive condition or obligation on states that they would not otherwise be required by law to observe. -
Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle
The Supreme Court was tasked with deciding if the Equal Protection Clause had any bearing on the case. It determined that its earlier decisions for college affirmative action do not apply to public schools and that racial diversity is not a compelling government interest for public school admission. Furthermore, they held that the denial of admission to a public school because of a student’s race in the interest of achieving racial diversity is unconstitutional.