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Constitution of United States of America signed
The Constitution did not name an official language. -
American Protective Act Proposal
Wisconsin and Illinois followed the APA's proposal to declare for all schools, that English would be the only language of instruction. -
German Instruction in Schools
An estimated 600,000 children, about 4% of US elementary population, received instruction in German and English. -
World War I
Language restictionism began with many laws banning German speech. -
National Defense Education Act
Congress passed this act with among other things provided federal subsidies for foreign-language instruction. -
Bilingual Education Act
President LB Johnson, signed this act into law. It provided resources to train teachers and support education programs and materials in public schools. It is important to note, that it was not required of schools to provide the programming. -
Lau Remedies
As a result of the case Lau v. Nichols, the US Commissioner of Education provided these guidelines to identify and -
Period: to
1987-2015
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California Propisition 227
All bilingual programs were replaced with English immersion except for San Francisco and San Jose who were still under federal court order. -
No Child Left Behind Act
This act spearheaded by George W. Bush, is a accountabilty plan to hold schools accountable for student performance. English Language Learners must be assessed on their profieciency in English each year. -
Meyer v. Nebraska
A court case where a teacher was charged with reading a story in German. The court ruled that "The Constitution extends to all, to those who speak other languages."