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45 million to 64 million
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Yugoslavia invaded Albania, Yugoslavia pulled out resource
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~1920s
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269 billion gold Reichsmarks, estimated to take until 1980s to pay back
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Sweden and Finland agreed for it to be Finland's
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A dispute between Poland and Germany. A plebiscite in 1921 that decided the division of the territory was tight, the riots followed. The League was asked to intervene. The territory was divided between Poland and Germany. Germany got most land, but the part given to Poland contained the rich industrial area of Silesia, so the Germans were embittered by this loss.
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get major powers to disarm, put end to expensive naval arms race (Italy, Japan, France and Britain invited), agreed to reduce navy size
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France accused Germany of sabotaging its economy to reduce value of payment, invaded Ruhr and seized coal and other goods as payment-> worsened economic crisis, Ruhr workers went on strike
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The League failed to stop Italy from invading the Greek Island of Corfu even though Greece asked for help.
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Lithuania asked the League to intervene in order to seize Vilna as its capital. The city was largely populated by the Polish population. Poland ignored the claims of Lithuania, the League stayed calm
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The area was under League administration by the Treaty of Versailles. The League was unable to prevent Lithuania seizing it in 1923. This was followed by little success when the league persuaded Lithuania to accept the port becoming an “international zone”, with Lithuania retaining the surrounding area.
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Greece pulled out of Bulgaria
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proposed by Germany, signed by Germany and Allied powers, G agreed to respect new TOV boundaries, NOT to remilitarise Rhineland, no guarantee for Eastern borders as Germans hoped for
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before USSR!
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jointly initiated by French Foreign Minister (Aristide Briand) and American secretary of state (Frank B Kellogg), signed by 15 nations + afterward more than 60 countries joined, agreed not to resort to war as an instrument of national policy -> failed as war okay for self defense, undeclared war allowed, did not state how countries can react to signatories that did not abide
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targeted intellectuals and wanted to make USSR into a proletarian society
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kulaks destroyed livestock, crops, bad harvest -> great famine of 1932
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20 million starved to death, Stalin sold remaining food overseas instead of feeding USSR
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France refused to disarm due to fear of Germany, Germany insisted on matching other powers' armament level
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Hitler can pass laws without President's approval
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since May 1933, Hitler passed a law making the Nazi Party the only legal political party in Germany
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Germany wanted to restore pride and strength
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Germans barred from entering Jewish shops to make Jews bankrupt, Jews confined to areas and seats labeled 'Juden', books written by Jews, businesses & properties confiscated
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SA and Rohm purged
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Hitler decided Germany needed Luftwaffe
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Jews excluded from German society, cannot marry non-Jews, no longer German citizens
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by 1935, possessed 500 planes, 300,000 strong army, broke TOV rules and nothing happened to Germany
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Jewish shops, synagogues, and buildings destroyed
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94% males and 65% females literate
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terrible living conditions
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decimation of Jap
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Jap decimated
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mid 1944
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