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Prime Minister Mohammad Sardar Daoud Khan seized power in a non-violent coup
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Bloody Military Coupe
the PDPA, led by Nur Mohammad Taraki, Babrak Karmal and Amin Taha overthrew the government of Mohammad Daoud, who was assassinated along with all his family members in a bloody military coup. -
PDPA leadership signed an agreement with the Soviet Union which would allow military support for the PDPA in Afghanistan if needed.
At the same time, the PDPA imprisoned, tortured or murdered thousands of members of the traditional elite, the religious establishment, and the intelligentsia.[citation needed] The government launched a campaign of violent repression, killing some 10,000 to 27,000 people and imprisoning 14,000 to 20,000 more, mostly at Pul-e-Charkhi prison. -
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War and its effects rage; people flee
bout 6 million fled as Afghan refugees to Pakistan and Iran, and from there over 38,000 made it to the United States. -
unrests had reached 24 out of 28 Afghan provinces
Over half of the Afghan army would either desert or join the insurrection. Most of the government's new policies clashed directly with the traditional Afghan understanding of Islam, making religion one of the only forces capable of unifying the tribally and ethnically divided population against the unpopular new government, and ushering in the advent of Islamist participation in Afghan politics. -
Amin overthrew Taraki
Once in power, the PDPA implemented a liberal and Marxist–Leninist agenda. It moved to replace religious and traditional laws with secular and Marxist–Leninist ones. The PDPA invited the Soviet Union to assist in modernizing its economic infrastructure (predominantly its exploration and mining of rare minerals and natural gas). The USSR also sent contractors to build roads, hospitals and schools and to drill water wells; they also trained and equipped the Afghan army. -
Soviet Union decided to intervene
the Red Army invaded its southern neighbor. Over 100,000 Soviet troops took part in the invasion, which was backed by another 100,000 Afghan military men and supporters of the Parcham faction. In the meantime, Hafizullah Amin was killed and replaced by Babrak Karmal. -
Civil war
Within weeks, the still frail unity of the other mujahideen forces also evaporated, and six militias were fighting each other in and around Kabul. -
Pakistan started supporting theTaliban
the Taliban (a movement originating from Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam-run religious schools for Afghan refugees in Pakistan) also developed in Afghanistan as a politico-religious force, reportedly in opposition to the tyranny of the local governor.[137] Mullah Omar started his movement with fewer than 50 armed madrassah students in his hometown of Kandahar.[137] As Gulbuddin Hekmatyar remained unsuccessful in conquering Kabul, Pakistan started supporting the Taliban. -
The Taliban started shelling Kabul
This is the first time in several months that Kabul civilians have become the targets of rocket attacks and shelling aimed at residential areas in the city. -
The Taliban seized Kabul and then controlled and seeked to control majority of afghanistan.
According to a 55-page report by the United Nations, the Taliban, while trying to consolidate control over northern and western Afghanistan, committed systematic massacres against civilians. UN officials stated that there had been "15 massacres" between 1996 and 2001. They also said, that "[t]hese have been highly systematic and they all lead back to the Ministry of Defense or to Mullah Omar himself." The Taliban especially targeted people of Shia religious or Hazara ethnic background -
Taliban is gruesome
about 4,000 civilians were executed by the Taliban and many more reported tortured -
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US involvement
The US fought to overthrow the Taliban. The Taliban's rule during this time was strict and most citizen casualties were caused by the Taliban. The Taliban's influence died out with the assassination of Osama Bin Laden. -
Taliban involvement with US
Ahmad Shah Massoud was assassinated by two Arab suicide attackers inside Afghanistan. Two days later about 3,000 people became victims of the September 11 attacks in the United States, when Afghan-based Al-Qaeda suicide bombers hijacked planes and flew them into four targets in the Northeastern United States.