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360-degree art
360-degree art through panoramic murals began to appear -
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Virtual reality
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Vehicle simulators
The introduction of vehicle simulators -
Morton Heilig invents "Sensorama Simulator"
Morton Heilig created a multi-sensory simulator. A prerecorded film in color and stereo, was augmented by binaural sound, scent, wind and vibration experiences. This was the first approach to create a virtual reality system and it had all the features of such an environment, but it was not interactive -
Ivan Sutherland proposed the ultimate solution of virtual reality
1965 Ivan Sutherland proposed the ultimate solution of virtual reality: an artificial world construction concept that included interactive graphics, force-feedback, sound, smell and taste -
Ivan Sutherland constructs a device considered as the first Head Mounted Display (HMD),
the first virtual reality system realized in hardware, not in concept. Ivan Sutherland constructs a device considered as the first Head Mounted Display (HMD), with appropriate head tracking. It supported a stereo view that was updated correctly according to the user’s head position and orientation -
NASA creates Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) "Virtual Visual Environment Display (VIVED)"
NASA creates a head motion sensor (1981). -
Thomas Furness at the US Air Force’s Armstrong Medical Research Laboratories developed in 1982 the Visually Coupled Airborne Systems Simulator
Thomas Furness at the US Air Force’s Armstrong Medical Research Laboratories developed in 1982 the Visually Coupled Airborne Systems Simulator – an advanced flight simulator. The fighter pilot wore a HMD that augmented the out-thewindow view by the graphics describing targeting or optimal flight path information. -
the VPL company manufactures the popular DataGlove (1985) and the Eyephone HMD (1988)
the VPL company manufactures the popular DataGlove (1985) and the Eyephone HMD (1988) – the first commercially available VR devices. -
Fisher and Elizabeth Wenzel invent hardware with 3-D virtual sound.
Fisher and Wenzel invent hardware that stays in place when one's head turns. VIVED now becomes VIEW (Virtual Interface Environment Workstation). The original software is transferred to Hewlett-Pakard 9000 (1988). -
CAVE-introduction of a virtual reality and scientific visualization system
1992 CAVE (CAVE Automatic Virtual Environment) is a virtual reality and scientific visualization system. Instead of using a HMD it projects stereoscopic images on the walls of room (user must wear LCD shutter glasses). This approach assures superior quality and resolution of viewed images, and wider field of view in comparison to HMD based systems -
Augemented Reality and Other Inventions
“presents a virtual world that enriches, rather than replaces the real world” the enhancement of human vision – augmented reality became a focus of many research projects in early 1990s -
Second Life, owned by Linden Labs, is an internet-based multiplayer vitual world designed by residents, call avatars (Ahern & Wink, 2010)
Second Life, owned by Linden Labs, is an internet-based multiplayer vitual world designed by residents, call avatars (Ahern & Wink, 2010) -
NATAL -3D interactive technology
NATAL technology is currently being researched. NATAL is a 3-D interactive technology.