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American School for the Deaf
The American School for the Deaf, originally known as "The American Asylum" is a school for the deaf and hard-of-hearing students. It was one of the very first and one of the oldest special education schools in the United States. It is located in Hartford, Connecticut and still remains open up to this day. -
Brown v. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education was a case that stated that separating/segregating black and white students was unconstitutional as it violated the constitutional law known as "the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment". The Supreme Court found that African-American children had the right to equal educational opportunities and that segregated schools “have no place in the field of public education.” -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act supports low-income families and gives them access to high-quality education programs they may need. This act also applies to children who may need additional support in an educational setting. It includes free and reduced lunch for students and teachers as well. -
PARC v Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania Association of Retarded Children v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ruled that the state could not deny an individual's right to equal access to education based on an intellectual or developmental disability status. The court case guaranteed special education for
children with intellectual disabilities. -
Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia
Students in Washington DC were denied education and at a school due to their learning and behavior problems. They were not provided with educational alternatives. Their parents brought a class action lawsuit against the Board of Education of the District of Columbia and it was ruled that students with disabilities are entitled to an education and cannot be denied based on the accommodations they may need and their additional cost to the school. -
EAHCA
The Education for all Handicapped Children Act is known as a mainstreaming law that requires states to provide free and appropriate education to children with disabilities.This act also requires students to obtain an individualized education program also known as an IEP. It is defined as the least restrictive environment as well. -
Education of the Handicapped Act Amendements
The Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments require the state to provide students with disabilities free education from the ages of 3 to 5 years old. This act established early intervention programs for infants and toddlers with disabilities around the ages of birth to 2 years old. This act gives support to children and their families as well. -
Honig v Doe
Honig v Doe was a case based on a student named John Doe who was a 17 year old student who had emotional disabilities. One day at school, John choked another student who was taunting him. He was expelled from his school and then brought action against school under the EAHCA. This case ruled that children with emotional and behavior disorders could not be expelled or denied from schools due to their behaviors related to their disability. -
IDEA
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act expands special education services and provisions for due process and confidentiality, adds autism and traumatic brain injury categories, provides bilingual education, requires transition services and planning. In 2004, it was amended by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act. -
Cedar Rapids v. Garret F.
Cedar Rapids v. Garret F is based on a student named Garret who was paralyzed from the neck down since the age of 4. He required nursing services in his classes due to being paralyzed. His parents requested the district to help provide him with support services but denied them. The court ruled that under the IDEA all students must be provided with services needed to be able to attend school at no extra cost.