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The first school for deaf students opens
https://www.asd-1817.org/about/history--cogswell-heritage-house -
First school for the blind opens! http://www.perkins.org
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Jean Marc Itard and Edouard Seguin: first individuals who tried to teach children with intellectual and developmental delays https://www.baliadvertiser.biz/itard/
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Schizophrenia was discovered by Dr. Emil Kraepelin. Below is a link all about schizophrenia, which is an Emotional Behavior disorder.
http://schizophrenia.com/history.htm -
This is clearly not directly related to education, but did create the phrase and therefore the precedent of "separate but equal." I believe this phrase could have added to why those with exceptionalities were treated differently than those without. http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/plessy-v-ferguson
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The opening of a classroom for children with ID began the movement for the special education in Providence, RI. Teaching methods for those with ID https://www.mentalhelp.net/intellectual-disabilities/effective-teaching-methods/
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ADHD was first noticed in 1902 by a British pediatrician. He noticed
"an abnormal defect of moral control in children" Below is a link to the history of ADHD:
https://www.healthline.com/health/adhd/history -
Designed to organize teachers who were working with children with exceptionalities https://degree.astate.edu/articles/k-12-education/what-is-the-council-for-exceptional-children.aspx
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Forming the ASHA marked a turning point for those in the speech-language pathology field. What is a speech or hearing impairment? How do we help those affected?:
https://www.healthline.com/health/hearing-or-speech-impairment-resources -
Autism was first discoed by Dr. Leo Kanner of Johns Hopkins University. The following links provide a description the history of autism and how it was described:
http://www.autism-pdd.net/history-of-autism/ https://www.appliedbehavioranalysisprograms.com/faq/first-person-diagnosed-autism/ The following is a link teachers should use to utilize:
https://theconversation.com/supporting-students-with-autism-in-the-classroom-what-teachers-need-to-know-64814 -
Asperger’s syndrome (AS) is one of a group of neurological disorders known as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). AS is considered to be on the more mild, or high functioning end of the spectrum. https://www.healthline.com/health/asperger-syndrome
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Very important case that overturned Plessy v. Ferguson! This would shed light on white and black schools needing to be actually equalized and integrated; as well as students with exceptionalities and students without exceptionalities. https://www.acslaw.org/expertforum/the-meaning-of-brown-for-children-with-disabilities/
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The role of the environment could intensify exceptionalities - Nurture is said to play a bigger role. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/nature-nurture-and-education-michael-gove-and-the-question-of-genetics-in-schooling-8944579.html
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William Cruickshank was one of the first to establish an educational program for those with ADHD. The following is a link for history of ADHD
https://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/1777/Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity-Disorder.html -
The emphasis of the study of linguistics brought about more resources and data about the importance of learning language via language acquisition and exposure to language. Importance of reading to children: https://www.all4kids.org/2017/03/03/importance-reading-children/ Reading and language development:
http://www.child-encyclopedia.com/language-development-and-literacy/according-experts/literacy-outcome-language-development-and-its -
Samuel Kirk coined the term Learning Disability (LD) in 1962. The term learning disability encompasses those who are of average or above-average intelligence, but still struggle in school. For example, dyslexia is a LD. See how to cope with dyslexia in the book: "The Dyslexic Advantage" Living with a LD: https://thriving.childrenshospital.org/living-intellectual-disability-one-couples-story/ More info: https://www.naset.org/fileadmin/user_upload/LD_Report/LD_Report_1_Intro_to_LD.doc.pdf
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Authorized funds for training professionals to work with children with exceptionalities and special needs
Funded research for students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) [Link text]https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291521546_Legislative_History_of_Public_Law_88-164 -
Rett syndrome falls under the category of ASD. It is affects the way the brain develops, causing a progressive loss of motor skills and speech. This is due to genetics. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rett-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20377227 Below is a link to aid in teaching those with Rett Syndrome (for girls).
http://www.graceforrett.com/rett-syndrome/r168x/teaching-girls-with-rett-to-read-and-write-rett-university/ -
Created 20 model programs, including Head Start
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Court rules in favor of children with exceptionalities and their right to FAPE A child with exceptionalities cannot be excluded from school without due process
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https://wiki.rit.edu/display/msse704012135/Public+Law+93-112+Section+504+of+the+Rehabilitation+Act+of+1973 problems such as failing grades, multiple suspensions, poor behavior may have additional support under Section 504 bridge between general and special education: first step to the response to intervention (RtI) model
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All handicapped children should have free and appropriate public education https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/osers/idea35/history/index_pg10.html
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IEP were introduced to schools in 1975 to give students a level playing ground and a plan for their equal education. http://www.specialednews.com/the-history-of-the-iep.htm
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Children shouldn’t be labeled “handicapped” without diagnosis https://www.clearinghouse.net/detail.php?id=13908
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A child with disabilities is entitled to an appropriate, not an optimum, education https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/458/176/
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Provided opportunities for states to develop plans and programs for children with exceptionalities from birth https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2801456
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President Reagan signed in this Act to law that gave parents of children with disabilities more say with their IEPs. https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/99/s415
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Interactions between environment and heredity can have effects on children with exceptionalities
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Extends civil rights to persons with disabilities https://www.ada.gov
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Holds schools and educators responsible for beginning students to “minimum level of competency” http://www.k12.wa.us/ESEA/NCLB.aspx
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This would help us understand how genetics influenced children with exceptionalities, if at all. https://www.genome.gov/human-genome-project
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Reauthorization of PL 94-142. Special education specialists must hold certifications and a license to
teach. IEP standards updated! Transition planning must be present in all IEPs. https://sites.ed.gov/idea/ -
This was signed into law under George W. Bush. Parents pulled together to seek change for their children who were not receiving proper education and treatment in schools. (see page 206) https://www.congress.gov/bill/109th-congress/senate-bill/843
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The name change to American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities aided in eliminating the negative connotations that came with the word retardation. Aiding those with Intellectual and developmental disabilities (formally known as mental retardation):
https://reading-sage.blogspot.com/2011/06/teaching-children-with-mental.html What is an intellectual disability?
https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/intellectual-disability/what-is-intellectual-disability -
Large funds provided to the states under IDEA to improve early intervention services https://www.fcc.gov/general/american-recovery-and-reinvestment-act-2009
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National Association for the Education of Young Children published guidelines for developmentally appropriate practice (DAP). This meant that teachers were bound to meet children where they were developmentally and provide them appropriate support and resources to help them thrive. https://www.naeyc.org/resources/topics/dap
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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders updated from DSM-IV. DSM-5 can be utilized to make ADHD Diagnoses. https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/dsm Below is a link for parents of children with ADHD: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/adhd.html