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The first record of the Pythagorean Theorem date back to the Babylonians/Egyptians
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The Egyptians were said to have used the Pythagorean Theorem to build the Great Pyramids
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Babylonian Tablet. The rows and columns on this table contain Pythagorean triples: integer solutions for the equation a2+b2=c2
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Pythagoras lived from 570 BCE - 490 BCE. Pythagoras is said be the first to prove the Pythagorean Theorem
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Plato - Presents way of finding Pythagorean Triples
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Euclid (c. 300 BC) offered a clever demonstration of the Pythagorean theorem in his Elements, known as the Windmill proof from the figure’s shape.
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Garfield's proof of the Pythagorean Theorem essentially consists of a diagram of a trapezoid with bases a and b and height a+b. He looked at the area of the diagram in two different ways: as that of a trapezoid and as that of three right triangles, two of which are congruent.
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In Einstein's proof, the shape that includes the hypotenuse is the right triangle itself. The dissection consists of dropping a perpendicular from the vertex of the right angle of the triangle to the hypotenuse, thus splitting the whole triangle into two parts. Those two parts have the same shape as the original right triangle, and have the legs of the original triangle as their hypotenuses, and the sum of their areas is that of the original triangle.
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Collected/Published all the known proofs of the Pythagorean Theorem during his time. Book: The Pythagorean Proposition
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The Pythagorean Theorem is used in multiple areas such as construction, navigation, surveying, and much more.