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23 million year ago the ocean retreated completely from the coastal plains. This rapid erosion caused the unevenness of the piedmont and left the Uwharrie Mountains. It also affected the formation of the Blue ridge mountains.1.7 million years ago, the Ice Age began, glaciers re-formed and sea level fell exposing the Coastal Plain. Several periods of glaciation and melting caused falls and rises in sea level. Escarpments can now be seen at points on the coast where the shoreline once lay.
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1,300 million years ago the first mountains formed in North Carolina. The mountains have long been eroded but, rocks formed at this time lie under the Appalachian Mountains and are exposed in parts of the Coastal Plains and Piedmont.
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75o million years ago continents moved toward each other and the Kings mountain belt was formed in North America.524 million years ago the islands of North Carolina were also many volcanoes that formed more land known as the outer banks. 444 million years ago the continents of North America and Europe/Africa moved together and pushed land up and began to form the Appalachian Mountains.
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260 million years ago the appalachian mountains finally finished forming. After the colliding of many tectonic plates.
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145 million years ago the water receded from the coastal plains leaving the some dry land. 66 million years ago The water completely receded leaving the entire coastal plain above sea level. 56 million years ago the coastal plain sunk underwater again, but after awhile retreated.
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31 million yeas ago the ocean advanced all the way up to present day New Bern.
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18,000 years ago glaciers receded and the rising seas left a ridge above the water known as the Barrier Island. Between 10,000 and 15,000 years ago the climate warmed and North Carolina’s forests began to look as they do today, with pine, spruce, and fir in the cooler Blue Ridge and oak and hickory more common in the Piedmont.
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The Sand Hills formed 2 million years ago. Streams eroded the Piedmont and Blue Ridge, carrying sediment to the Coastal Plain. Water seeped through sediment, carrying heavier clay downward and leaving behind sands that were piled into dunes by winds.