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-fingerprints from early prehistoric humans was found on rock carvings and paintings
-earliest document found was the Egyptian Market Palette -
-forensis (a.k.a forensics) meaning "of or before the forum".
- people gathered to solve a case, this was normally done by forming arguments to determine who was guilty or innocent in the solving of a crime. -
-performed the first autopsy on record on Julius Caesar
-found that 1 of the 23 wounds had were fatal
Location: The 2nd stab wound on the breast -
-used fingerprints to identify early documents
-used no formal classification system -
-showed bloody palm prints wrongfully accused a blind man of his own mothers murder.
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-1st recorded application of medical knowledge to the solving of a crime
-first written book on forensic science by Song Ci -
-1st time science was used to fight against crime
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-The first Treatise on systematic documents
-was published by François Demelle of France -
-1st document!enter case of physically matching a person to a clue on a crime scene
-The police matched the wad of newspaper found in a pistol to the remaining piece in John Tom's pocket -
-1st recorded use of questioned document analysis.
-The development of tests for the presence of blood in a forensic context.
-physical comparison used to catch a murderer.
-The first use of toxicology (arsenic detection) in a jury trial.
-The first use of photography for the identification of criminals and documentation of evidence and crime scenes.
-The first recorded use of fingerprints to solve a crime. -
-found a method to detect arsenic in a person's stomach
-Thus creating the development of poison testing -
-clothing and shoes of a farm worker were looked at by examiner's to solve a case where a young woman was found drowned in a shallow pool
-thus suspect was linked to the murder -
-during a murder trial James Marsh determined if the cause of death by using chemical processes.
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-1st use of photography for criminal identification was used in the city of San Fransisco
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-Chicago is the first U.S. city to use the Bertillon system of identification
-(a technique of human body measurement used in anthropological classification to the identification of criminals.) -
-1st began first systematic use of fingerprints in the US for criminal investigations
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First school of forensics science founded by Rodolphe Archibald Reiss, in Switzerland
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-established 1st police crime lab
-done at the University of Lyons, France -
-Victor Balthazard and Marcelle Lambert publish first study on hair including microscopic studies from most animals
-First legal case ever involving hair also took place following his study -
-victor Balthazard discovered that tools uses to make fun barrels never leave the same mark
-each gun leaves grooves on each bullet that is fired
-victor created several methods of matching bullets to guns via photography -
-invented the modern lie detector, also known as the polygraph.
-a machine designed to detect and record changes in physiological characteristics, such as a person's pulse and breathing rates, used especially as a lie detector. -
-universities began offering courses and degrees in criminalistics and police science.
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-founder of Swiss criminalistics lab
-developed the method of collecting evidence using duct tape in a crime investigation -
-created one of the 1st academic departments of criminology/criminalis
-the American Academy of Forensic Science (AAFS) was formed in Chicago. -
DNA fingerprinting techniques developed by Sir Alec Jeffreys
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-took notes on fingerprint characteristics
-did not say they were significant or valuable to solving a crime -
Tommy Lee Andrews convicted of a series of sexual assaults, using DNA profiling
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National academy of science announces DNA evidence is reliable
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fBI establishes the integrated automated fingerprint identification syste, cutting down fingerprint inquiry response from two weeks to two hours
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Technology speeds up DNA profiling time, from 6-8 weeks to between 1-2 days
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Britain's forensic science service develops online footwear coding and detection syste.this helps police identify footwear marks quickly
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A way for scientists to visualize fingerprints even faster after the print has been removed is developed, relating to how fingerprints can corrode metal surfaces
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Michigan state university develops software that automatically matches hand drawn facial sketches to mug shots stored in data bases
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Japanese researchers develop a dental x-ray matching system. This system can automatically match dental x-rays in a data base, and makes a positive match in less than 4 seconds
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-German pathologist
-1st to study hair and see the limitations it had to helping investigate a crime scene
