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Education in Colonial Period
Schools were simple. They taught english reading, grammar and writing. All schooling was centered around religion. Students recited prayers and scriptures in school. They referred to it more as a daycare for children. Teachers were more just tutors that families would hire. -
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The Common Schools
The common schools were the first type of public school system. They were community funded schools. It was the brain child of Jefferson and put in act by Horrace Mann -
Northwest Land Ordinance
This Ordinance was part of 3 ordinances that happened in 1784, 1785,1787. This ordinance gave these territories statehood and provided the new rules of their government. -
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Impact of Horrace Mann
Horrace Mann was passionate about the need for schools. He devoted tremendous time and energy traveling around to ensure that quality of schools were up to standard -
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***The Progressive Reform Era
John Dewey was the father of this reform. Him and his disciples, William Wertz created lavish schools that had subjects like auto mechanics, art, animal husbandry and so many more. Schools now had passing periods. Students helped run the schools by helping in the lunch room and making the school newspapers. Progressive schools helped show the all the different talents students had not just the academic ones.
https://www.americanboard.org/blog/11-facts-about-the-history-of-education-in-america/ -
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***Impact of John Dewey
John Dewey was the father of progressive education. He wrote "School in Society" He believed school needed to be anchored on everything about the child. He created new techniques of learning by doing. He wanted the students to do physical activity in schools and venture outside the classroom. https://www.pbs.org/onlyateacher/john.html -
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***Population Growth & Immigration in the 1900's
Population growth increased diversity in the classroom. The education system was no longer just teaching rich white Puritan children. Irish, Italian, and other nationalities were immigrating and they all had different ideas on what should be taught in schools. America was growing fast and so the education needed to grow as well they needed to add more classes and teach in new ways.
https://www.history.com/topics/u-s-immigration-before-1965 -
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***The Impact of WW2
Schools taught more geography, history and current events. School was no longer and enjoyable place. Tensions were high. Many high school students dropped out to join the army. Most of the US money was going to the military so there was barely anything left for the schools. Many schools could not even afford textbooks.
https://www.theedadvocate.org/uncovering-devastating-impact-world-war-ii-american-education/ -
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The Civil Rights Movement & The War on Poverty
They gave money to disadvantaged students, and gave the right to equal education opportunities. -
***Brown vs. Board of Education
This court case ended the previous ruling of "separate but equal" in schools. Previously, black and white students had to go to separate schools. There were only two schools for black students and they were in very poor conditions, while the schools for the whites were better. Also most of the time the schools for the blacks were way farther then the white schools for them. Brown v. Board -
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Sputnik & NDEA
The Sputnik was the satellite that the Soviet Union sent into space. Eisenhower then created the National Defense Education Act that provided funding to improve American schools and to promote postsecondary education. -
Elementary & Secondary Education Act
It was the first federal program to fund education. It was to give more aid to students in poverty and improve their education. -
***Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act
This law aided students with disabilities so that they were no longer had to stay at home with no education. This law didn't just provide a means for them to get to school but to be successful in school. Through this act they are given the ability to start their learning
https://sites.ed.gov/idea/about-idea/ -
A Nation at Risk
A Nation at Risk states "the educational foundations of our society are presently being eroded by a rising tide of mediocrity that threatens our very future as a Nation and a people" (U.S. Department of Education, 1983). Reagan created this to make more "rigorous and measurable standards. -
***No Child Left Behind
No Child Left Behind Act is in Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. It was made to set accountability to make sure students are learning at a high standard.It also provided schools flexible funds to enact this new goal of achievement
https://www.edweek.org/ew/section/multimedia/no-child-left-behind-overview-definition-summary.html
