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The impact of Jefferson, Rush, and Webster
Most Important - Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Rush were both committed to establishing American education for the good of the country, to educate the future leaders. Webster wrote the first textbooks and was instrumental in creating a language separate from the Queen's english.
https://educationearlyrepublic.voices.wooster.edu/category/research-strand-1/ -
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Northwest Land Ordinances
A series of land grants in the midwest. Thomas Jefferson made sure that there was a school in each township created, elevating the importance of education for the settlers. -
Impact of Horace Mann
Most Important - Horace Mann was the first Secretary of Education appointed in the state of Massachusetts. He introduced reform for teacher training as well as standards for the school buildings. Best known for his policy on compulsory education, free elementary school for all. We are still benefitting from all his work today, free public schools!
http://study.com/academy/lesson/horace-mann-education-reform-contributions-philosophy-quiz.html -
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Progressive Reform Movement
This movement, lead by John Dewey, focused on the whole child. Shifted the focus of education from the institution, to the needs of the student. -
Population growth and immigration, 19th century
With millions of immigrants flooding into America, schools were overcrowded and conditions were harsh. Classes had many different languages, Americanization was the policy to help immigrants assimilate. -
The Measurement Movement
IQ testing was first intended to sort out children with mental retardation, and develop new teaching methods. Some concerns over cultural and ethnic biases. -
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Secondary School Movement
With the rise of the industrial age, there was need for better education for those not going to college. The focus was to prepare students with skills for life. -
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World War II impact on education
Enrollment in school declined sharply with boys enlisting in the service. Funding for education also drops, with more money going toward the war effort. -
Brown vs. The Board of Education
Most Important - This case made segregation in schools illegal and unconstitutional. This is very important because the statement "separate but equal" was declared to be untrue. Huge stride made in the fight for equality in our public education system. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education -
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Sputnik and NDEA
Panic that US scientists were falling behind after the success of the Soviet Union in launching the first satellite, Sputnik. Lead to the creation of the National Defense Education Act, which aimed to improve our science curriculum. -
Individuals with Disabilities act
Most Important - Before this was created most children with even mild disabilities were barred from school. This is another big step in the quest for equal education for all. We are still refining the laws and helping more students every year.
http://www.parentcenterhub.org/repository/idea/ -
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The Standards Movement
Beginning with the Nation at risk report, states begin to develop their standards. Increased rigor with academic, content, and performance standards. -
A Nation At Risk
Most Important - Report published to show that our schools were failing to prepare students for the workforce. Began a period of school reform. Made recommendations for content, standards, and expectations among other things. This still effects us today, causing the belief that U.S. schools are mediocre.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Nation_at_Risk -
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No Child Left Behind Act
Schools were now held accountable for student learning and achievement. Schools were penalized for not showing improvement. -
Common Core
Standards developed to measure what students should know by the end of a grade. Designed to make sure our students are prepared for entry level jobs, work force training, or freshman college courses.
