-
Feminization of Teaching
During the beginning of the 19th century, the industrialization of the US started to change moving men out of the teaching profession and bringing more children into the educational system. Since there were more teaching professions available, women began filling teaching roles more frequently. Since women were known as "natural" teachers, this was more widely accepted and even brought about independence for women.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j64f1bvxu58 -
Common Schools Movement
The Common Schools Movement was started by Horace Mann in 1837. Mann's goal was to finance schools within every community with public money. This movement marks the beginning of systematic public schooling and was meant to educate every citizen to participate in a democracy. These schools were free of charge, funded and controlled by the community, open to white children, and partially overseen by the state. -
Pierce v. Society of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary
Pierce v. Society of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary was a 1925 Supreme Court case that ruled Oregon's law mandating children to attend only public schools unconstitutional. Additionally, the court ruled that parents have the right to make decisions for their child's education, but parents were expected to consider that each state has the right to manage education in all institutions (public and private). -
Brown v. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education was a 1954 Supreme Court case that dealt with the segregation of public schools. The justices ruled that segregating students by race in public schools was unconstitutional.
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/separate-but-not-equal-video -
Title IX
Title IX as we know it today was apart of the Education Amendments of 1972. Title IX states "No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance."
https://www.knowyourix.org/college-resources/title-ix/ -
Education For All Handicapped Children Act
The Education For All Handicapped Children Act ensures that all students are given a fair and just education. The EAHCA states that all public schools that recieve funds from the government have to provide an equal education to disabled students. Schools are required to assess their students to create an educational plan that is inclusive to their needs but closely resembles that of a non-disabled students.
https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/94/s6/summary -
Department of Education was Established
The US Department of Education is a cabinet in the United States Government that creates policies and distributes federal funds to educational institutions. This department works with the president to employ his educational policies and enacting laws that were passed by Congress. The Department of Education's mission statement is "to serve America's students-to promote student achievement and preparation for global competitiveness by fostering educational excellence and ensuring equal access." -
No Child Left Behind Act of 2001
The No Child Left Behind Act was an update to the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965. This update was created out of worry that the US Education System was no longer internationally competitive. This act increased the amount of responsibility the federal government had for ensuring that schools knew their own responsibility for progressing their students' academics.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0--2nhsDorg -
Common Core Standards Initiative
In the early 2000s, each state in the US had its own set of educational standards. The lack of consistency between each state's standards created what we know as the Common Core State Standards. The process to create these standards started with dividing the standards into two classifications, college and career readiness standards and K-12 standards, before developing the final plan. Educational personnel and parents were given the opportunity to help create the final set of standards. -
Every Student Succeeds Act
The Every Student Succeeds Act updated and replaced the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. The Every Student Succeeds Act provides all children the opportunity to receive a quality and fulfilling education and works to narrow the achievement gap. The ESSA also moved federal accountability to the states.
