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Thomas Jefferson drafted a propasal that would garantee three years of education to every child. His thought was that it would give people the basic knowledge needed to benefit a democracy and also aid in identifying those would would be eligible for higher learning and aristocracy. This proposal was bought to a vote three times between 1779 and 1817 and each times it was voted down. America was struggling with building their economy and did not see the value in knowledge at this time.
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Textbook developed by webster to teach american spelling. Also led webster to develop the webster's dicitonary.
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Throughout the 1830's and 40's state funded schools were begining to spring up. This movement was expecially prevalent in Massachusetts.
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Horace Mann was elected the Secretary of the Board of Education
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Great School Debates began around religion in public schools. State funded schools up until this point have been primarily protestant based. Other religions want their fair share of funding for their own schools.
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Debate over religion in schools continues while many Irish Catholic children do not attend the protestant public schools. Riots break out which result in 13 people dead and a catholic church burned.
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Petition drawn up to the Boston School Committee with the goal of ending segregation in the schools and providing equal opportunity for education.
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John Hughes becomes the archbishop in new york and begins developing the catholic schools.
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A law was passed abolishing segregation within the schools of Massachusetts.
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The civil war ended with resulted in the end of slavery in America. At this time four million former slaves were now able to enter the school system. Shortly after the federal government required that all states provide free and nonsegregated education to all children.
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At this time, America provided schooling to more people than any other country in the world.
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During the 1920's the public schools shifted from developing knowledge to developing an individuals skill set for a career. Students were set on career tracks based on their individual skill levels.
IQ tests were begining to be administers to assess childrens capacity for learning. -
IQ tests were used to track students into their educational careers as early as first grade. This provided a cultural bias that furthered segregation in the working class and prohibited higher learning in large groups of people.
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Child labor laws were developed that prohibited children to work and that required attendance at schools until the age of 16.
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After WW2, schools were begining to develop a social aspect as many more students stay in school for longer. Social skills start to be taught and some argue that it creates a regressive learning experience where everything is spoon fed and it if a skill isn't directly taught, it isn't expected to be learned. Intellectual ambition is thought to diminish as social adjustment thrives at this time.
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School became center for their health and safety with immunizations and drills for possible attacks.
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In 17 states, it was law to have seperate schools for african americans.
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The NAACP enlisted 13 parents to enroll their chcildren into their local white schools in which they were rejected as expected. This action brought forth a lawsuit that sparked the change in the segregation battle.
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Courts ruled and banned segregation based on unequal opportunities and conditions in current school systems. This led to the integration of the public school system for the students; however, most african american teachers lost their jobs.
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American Intellegence was challenged by the sovients making it to space before america. This stirred americans to reevaluate our educational systems.
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Math and science courses were emphasized and intellectual ambitions were encouraged as america drives toward a time of intellectual development.
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During the 1960's career tracking and IQ testing was removed from the schools as a way to develop a students skill sets.
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While the integration effort was making strides, the schiool system was still a heated arena for prejudice.
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In the 60's the job market demanded a stronger high school education as "The American Dream" is being formed. Mexican americans were still being oppressed as an inferior intellectual race.
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Johnson became president and fought for equality for all children.
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The federal civil rights acts was passed that banned discrimination of any minority for any federally funded program. This created real change in the school systems.
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The elementary and secondary education act provided aid to disadvantaged students in the sum of four billion. For Quality and Equality.
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With the help of Gutierrez, the mexican american population fought for their respect and wanted a better education. Not getting heard they staged a walkout in high schools. Many cities with large populations of mexican americans walked out of high school classes leading to almost 2/3 of the enrolled not attending school in more than 200 cities.
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Womens rights movement bagan fighting against discrimination.
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the integration efforts were so far along that they schools tried to enroll a more balanced population by bussing students to farther schools.
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After a lawsuit over a child recieving a poor education because of the language gap, bilingual education began to improve.
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A 14 year old girl joined a lawsuit for the equal opportunity for women in sports.
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The civil rights movement now includes children with disabilities. Saying that it is not enough to treat them equally, but to give them the opportunities of any other child.
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Almost all school aged children were enrolled in school. Reagan spoke about how we were in a learning crisis where the students were not being challenged in school. Schools joined by economics began to compete as in the business driven world - by the bottom line. Americans were losing in business and ecomonics to the japanese and many blamed it on the schools claiming that it was not preparing or arming the students with the skills to be successfull. This brought about a change in focus.
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Milwaukee, WI become the first schools district to accept the voucher system allowing students to attend private schools with federal assistance.
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In the 90's the tesseract system enstilled in Baltimore became the first private company to manage a school.
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President Bush speaks for the voucher system claiming it will promote competition in the schools.
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Low income students of Clevend, OH were now allowed to use the vouchers to attend religous schools. As this happened the voucher system boosted to service over 6000 students.
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With test scores not increasing, the tesseract school privatization ended. But lessons from the experience helped other schools manage their funds better.
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Milwaukee, WI's voucher system is now being used by 1500 students to attend the school of their choice. Receiving a voucher of $4700 annually.
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EAI (tesseract company) moving on from the experience took on several small charter schools in AZ.
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Congress approved 80 million for the construction of charter schools. Everyone was starting up a charter school focusing on all different aspects of education.
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In the late 90's, homeschooling became legal in all 50 states.
