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The Foundation Of Early Childhood EDUCATION
John Locke is known for his theory of the mind as a blank tablet. According to Locke, environment and experience literally form the mind. He believed development comes from the stimulation children receive from parents and caregivers and experience they have in their environment. This belief clearly reflects in modern educational practice.Early education helps children to get a good foundation for learning early in life. -
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John Heinrich Pestalozzi
John Heinrich Pestalozzi was influenced by Rousseau.
He believed that education is based on sensory impressions and through the proper sensory experiences, children can achieve their potential. He encouraged activities such as counting, measuring, feeling, and touching. He wrote two books- How Gertrude Teaches Her Children and Book For Mothers- to help parents teach their young children at home. Today, bookstores are filled with books on how to parent, how to teach young children and many more. -
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Friedrich Wilhelm Froebel
Froebel is known as the "father of kindergarten". His concept of children and learning is based on the idea of unfolding. He linked the role of teacher to gardener. Froebel developed a systematic, planned curriculum for the education of children based on gifts, occupations, songs, and educational games. Today, Froebel's concept of learning through play remains one of the basic principles of early childhood practice. -
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John Dewey
John Dewey redirected the course of education in the United States. His ideas have been influential in education and social reform. He believed that daily life should be a source of activities through which children learn about life and the skills necessary for living. His theory of schooling was called "progressivism". He believed kids learned through 'hands-on' approach. Today, child-centered curriculum forms the foundational theory for the practice of early childhood education. -
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Maria Montessori
Maria Montessori was first woman in Italy to earn medical degree. She became interested in educational solutions for problems such as deafness, paralysis, and mental retardation. She thought mental deficiency was more of an educational than medical problem.She worked with children labeled by society as "uneducatable" or "defective" and tailored her teaching methods to meet their needs. Today, Maria Montessori inclusionary practices in classrooms benefits students with all disabilities. -
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Jean Piaget
Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development explains that children develop intelligence through direct experiences with the physical world. He was the first psychologist to make systematic study of cognitive development in children.
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Lev Vygotsky
Lev Vygotsky's theory of development is particularly useful in describing children's mental, language, and social development. Vygotsky also believed communicating or dialogue between teacher and child is very important and literally becomes a means for helping children learn. -
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Head Start
Economic Opportunity Act (EOA) provided for the beginning of Head Start program in 1965. In 1964 President Lyndon Johnson conveyed his plan to America to help end poverty by creating schools open to low privileged families.
(https://eclkc.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/programs/article/head-start-programs)