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Churches, families, and workplaces served as the primary palces for education and learning.
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Students with special needs were considered "insane" or "idiots" and sent to institutions or schools for the deaf or blind.
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Massachusetts establishes first law requiring students age 8-14 to attend school.
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Late 1800s many immigrants moving to the major cities. This increased the population of students in school that spoke little or no English.
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Established standard curriculum and required 8 years of elementary and 4 years of secondary education.
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Four questions to be answered when developing curriculum:
1. What educational purposes should the school seek to attain?
2. What educational experiences can be provided that are likely to attain these purposes?
3. How can these education experiences be effectively organized?
4. How can we determine whether these purposes are being attaniend? -
organized by President Kennedy; became part of the U.S. Office of Education
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Title 1 Funding for schools that served great number of low-income families.
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Developed by Fenwick English. First introduction of the curriculum map.
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Currently known as IDEA. IDEA ensures that students with disabilities, “to the maximum extent appropriate… are educated with children who are not disabled…” (IDEA, 2004).
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-Served as the foundation to many modern reform efforts.
Stated, "...the educational foundations of our society are presently being eroded by a rising tide of mediocrity that threatens our very future as a Nation and a people."
(http://www.choiceineducation.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=585&Itemid=186) -
"...establishes a framework in which to identify world-class academic standards, to measure student progress, and to provide the support that students may need to meet the standards."
(http://www.ncrel.org/sdrs/areas/issues/envrnmnt/stw/sw0goals.htm) -
-Increased accountability for schools and teachers
-Reauthorization of IDEA