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M .Cremer showed that high levels of an acid in a liquid is proportional to the electronic potential that shows up between parts of the fluid located on apposite sides of a glass membrane.
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Soren Peder Lauritz Sorensen =Hydrogen ion concentration, pH, this concept is introduced.
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Griffin and Nelson, were the first to show immobilisation of the enzyme invertase on aluminium hydroxide and charcoal.
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W.S Hughes, he introduced electrodes for pH measurements.
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Leland C. Clark, Jr. = "Father of Biosensors" He developed the first "true" biosensor for oxygen detection. He invented the "oxygen electrode" named after him: Clark electrode.
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Leland C. Clark= Gave a demonstration which detected glucose
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Guilbault and Montalvo, Jr.= Discovery of first potentiometric biosensor to detect urea.
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Yellow Spring Instruments (YSI) = First commercial biosensor developed.