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The most obvious astronomical observations are noted such as the sun rising in the east/setting in the west, phases of the moon, eclipse events, and planetary bodies outside of stars. -
The use of logic and math are integrated into developing models and representing observations of the visible universe
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An astronomer named Eudoxus proposed the first model of a geocentric universe a series of cosmic spheres containing the stars, the sun, and the moon all built around the Earth at its center.)
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Eratosthenes (276 - 195 B.C.) presented the first accurate measurement of Earth's size to be approximately 25,000 miles around the circumference.
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Nicolaus Copernicus reconsiders the heliocentric model of the universe which centers around the Sun as the middle of the solar system.
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Galileo Galilei was the first person to use a telescope to study space and to propose interpretations of what he observed. Galileo discovered the features of the moon's surface, Sunspots, and Jupiter's four moons.
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Issac Newton made extraordinary strides in mathematics, physics, and astronomy. Newton famously studied motion and gravity which resulted in the three basic laws of motion we understand today.
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New discoveries and innovative technologies have fostered a more in-depth understanding of the universe we occupy. Inventions such as improved telescopes and photography have allowed the discovery of galaxies and detailed imagery of far-away objects.