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John Locke
was an English philosopher and physician regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and known as the "Father of Classical Liberalism". His work greatly affected the development of epistemology and political philosophy. Locke's theory of mind is often cited as the origin of modern conceptions of identity and the self. -
Dame Schools
is a broad term for a private school with a female teacher during the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. The education provided by these schools ranged from basic to exceptional.[4] The basic type of dame school was more common in New England, where basic literacy was expected of all classes, than in the southern colonies, where there were fewer educated women willing to be teachers. -
Latin Grammar Schools
The first Latin Grammar School was established in Boston in 1635. These schools were originally designed for only sons of certain social classes who were destined for leadership positions in church, state or courts. The study of Latin and Greek and their literatures was blended with the religious denominationalism coming from the heritage of the Protestant Reformation. Girls were not considered for these schools because all of the world leaders and important "persons" were males from the upper -
Massachusetts Bay School Law
Towns must establish and maintain schools. -
Deluder Satan Act
First act that said kids had to go to school. -
Christian von Wolff
A founding father of, among other fields, economics and public administration as academic disciplines, he concentrated especially in these fields, giving advice on practical matters to people in government, and stressing the professional nature of university education. -
New England Primer
Textbook used by students in New England; combined learning the alphabet with the Bible. -
Salem Witchcraft Trials
May 1963 -
New England Primer
first reading primer designed for the American Colonies. It became the most successful educational textbook published in 18th century America and it became the foundation of most schooling before the 1790s. -
Johann Pestalozzi
Swiss pedagogue and educational reformer who exemplified Romanticism in his approach. He founded several educational institutions both in German- and French-speaking regions of Switzerland and wrote many works explaining his revolutionary modern principles of education. His motto was "Learning by head, hand and heart". Thanks to Pestalozzi, illiteracy in 18th-century Switzerland was overcome almost completely by 1830 -
French and Indian War
1763 -
Noah Webster
American lexicographer, textbook pioneer, English-language spelling reformer, political writer, editor, and prolific author. He has been called the "Father of American Scholarship and Education." His blue-backed speller books taught five generations of American children how to spell and read, secularizing their education. According to Ellis (1979) he gave Americans "a secular catechism to the nation-state." -
Kindergarten
a preschool educational approach traditionally based around playing, singing, practical activities such as drawing, and social interaction as part of the transition from home to school. The first such institutions were created in the late eighteenth century in Bavaria and Strasbourg to serve children both of whose parents worked out of the home. -
Young Ladies Acadmemy
ponsored and supervised by many of Philadelphia’s male religious and political leaders, including Benjamin Rush, the Academy offered a Franklinian curriculum to its students: reading, writing, English grammar, mathematics, geography, rhetoric, composition, chemistry, and natural philosophy. It also gave young women a visible civic role by holding annual public examinations for graduates -
Friedrich Froebel
German pedagogue, a student of Pestalozzi who laid the foundation for modern education based on the recognition that children have unique needs and capabilities. He created the concept of the “kindergarten” and also coined the word now used in German and English. He also developed the educational toys known as Froebel Gifts. -
Treaty of Paris
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Benjamin Franklin
He played a major role in establishing the University of Pennsylvania and was elected the first president of the American Philosophical Society. -
Contitutional Convention
September 17, 1787 -
Horace Mann
American politician and educational reformer. A Whig devoted to promoting speedy modernization, he served in the Massachusetts State Legislature (1827–37). In 1848, after serving as Secretary of the Massachusetts State Board of Education since its creation, he was elected to the United States House of Representatives -
Catherine Beecher
American educator known for her forthright opinions on female education as well as her vehement support of the many benefits of the incorporation of kindergarten into children's education. -
William Holmes McGuffey
college president that is best known for writing the McGuffey Readers, the first widely used series of textbooks. It is estimated that at least 122 million copies of McGuffey Readers were sold between 1836 and 1960, placing its sales in a category with the Bible and Webster's Dictionary. -
Elizabeth Palmer Peabody
American educator who opened the first English-language kindergarten in the United States. Long before most educators, Peabody embraced the premise that children's play has intrinsic developmental and educational value. -
War of 1812
February 18, 1815 -
Boston English High School
one of the first public high schools in America, -
Elizabeth Blackwell
first woman to receive a medical degree in the United States, as well as the first woman on the UK Medical Register. She was the first woman to graduate from medical school, a pioneer in promoting the education of women in medicine in the United States, and a social and moral reformer in both the United States and in Britain. Her sister Emily was the third woman in the US to get a medical degree. -
McGuffey Readers
eries of graded primers, including grade levels 1-6, widely used as textbooks in American schools from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century, and are still used today in some private schools and in homeschooling. -
Mount Holyoke Female Seminary
embodied two major innovations in women's education. It instituted rigorous academic entrance requirements and a demanding curriculum conspicuously free of instruction of domestic pursuits. And it was endowed, thus ensuring its permanence and securing the principle of higher learning for future generations of women -
New York State Asylum for Idiots
authorized by the New York State Legislature in 1851, acting upon a recommendation contained in the 1846 annual report of the New York State Asylum for Lunatics. Hervey B. Wilbur, M.D., was appointed the first superintendent and remained in that position until his death in 1883. First located on rented landed in Albany, it admitted its first "pupils" in 1851 -
Booker T Washington
African-American educator, author, orator, and advisor to presidents of the United States. -
The National Teachers Association
largest professional organization and largest labor union in the United States,[2][3] representing public school teachers and other support personnel, faculty and staffers at colleges and universities, retired educators, and college students preparing to become teachers. -
Alfred Binet
French psychologist who invented the first practical intelligence test, the Binet-Simon scale.[2] His principal goal was to identify students who needed special help in coping with the school curriculum. Along with his collaborator Théodore Simon, Binet published revisions of his intelligence scale in 1908 and 1911, the last appearing just before his death. -
John Dewey
American philosopher, psychologist, leading activist in the Georgist movement, and educational reformer whose ideas have been influential in education and social reform. Dewey is one of the primary figures associated with the philosophy of pragmatism and is considered one of the founders of functional psychology. A well-known public intellectual, he was also a major voice of progressive education and liberalism -
US Civil War
May 9, 1865 -
The First Morrill Act
originally set up to establish institutions is each state that would educate people in agriculture, home economics, mechanical arts, and other professions that were practical at the time.
The Morrill Acts have become a major educational resource for our nation. This program is available to all people who are in search of higher education. -
Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation was a presidential proclamation and executive order issued by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, as a war measure during the American Civil War, directed to all of the areas in rebellion and all segments of the executive branch (including the Army and Navy) of the United States. -
13th Amendment
abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. -
Lincoln University
first school to grant education to black students. -
Howard University
federally chartered, private, coeducational, nonsectarian, historically black university in Washington, D.C.. It is classified as a research university with high research activity.
From its outset it has been nonsectarian and open to people of both sexes and all races.[4] In addition to the undergraduate program, Howard has graduate schools of business, pharmacy, law, social work, medicine, dentistry, and divinity. -
14th Amendment
addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws, and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War. -
Maria Montessori
Italian physician and educator best known for the philosophy of education that bears her name, and her writing on scientific pedagogy. Her educational method is in use today in some public and private schools throughout the world. -
Carlisle Indian Industrial School
flagship Indian boarding school in the United States from 1879 through 1918. Founded in 1879 by Captain Richard Henry Pratt under authority of the US federal government, Carlisle was the first federally funded off-reservation Indian boarding school. It was founded on the principle that Native Americans were the equals of European-Americans, and that Native American children immersed in mainstream Euro-American culture would learn skills to advance in society -
Gestalt Theory
theory of mind of the Berlin School. Gestalt psychology tries to understand the laws of our ability to acquire and maintain meaningful perceptions in an apparently chaotic world. The central principle of gestalt psychology is that the mind forms a global whole with self-organizing tendencies. This principle maintains that when the human mind (perceptual system) forms a percept or gestalt, the whole has a reality of its own, independent of the parts -
Committee of Ten
working group of educators that, in 1892, recommended the standardization of American high school curriculum. -
Plessy vs. Ferguson
decision upholding the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal." -
Jean Piaget
Swiss developmental psychologist and philosopher known for his epistemological studies with children. His theory of cognitive development and epistemological view are together called "genetic epistemology".
Piaget placed great importance on the education of children. As the Director of the International Bureau of Education, he declared in 1934 that "only education is capable of saving our societies from possible collapse, whether violent, or gradual." -
Lev Vgotsky
Soviet psychologist, the founder of a theory of human cultural and bio-social development commonly referred to as cultural-historical psychology, and leader of the Vygotsky Circle. Vygotsky's main work was in developmental psychology, and he proposed a theory of the development of higher cognitive functions in children that saw reasoning as emerging through practical activity in a social environment. -
Spanish American War
August 12, 1898 -
Joliet Junior College
was the first public community college founded in the United States. -
American Association on Intellectual and Developmental DIsabilities
American non-profit professional organization concerned with intellectual disability and related developmental disabilities -
Benjamin Bloom
American educational psychologist who made contributions to the classification of educational objectives and to the theory of mastery-learning. He also directed a research team which conducted a major investigation into the development of exceptional talent. 1956, Bloom edited the first volume of Taxonomy of educational objectives: the classification of educational goals, which outlined a classification of learning objectives that has come to be known as Bloom's Taxonomy and remains foundation -
WWI
11 November 1918 -
American Federation of Teachers
AFT periodically developed additional sub-groups for paraprofessionals and school-related personnel; local, state and federal employees; higher education faculty and staff, and nurses and other healthcare professionals within the organization. The AFT's affiliations include the trade union federation since its founding, the old American Federation of Labor until 1955, and the AFL-CIO -
Smith-Hughes Act
promoted vocational agriculture to train people "who have entered upon or who are preparing to enter upon the work of the farm," and provided federal funds for this purpose. As such, it is the basis both for the promotion of vocational education, and for its isolation from the rest of the curriculum in most school settings. The act is an expansion and modification of the 1914 Smith-Lever Act and both were based largely on a report and recommendation from Charles Allen Prosser's Report of the Nat -
Progressive Education Association
Building on previous critiques of the traditional teacher-centered and curriculum-centered
educational approaches, what was known as "the progressive education movement" was formed by
educational reformers who were particularly active in the United States from the 1890s to 1930s,
promoting the ideas of child-centered education, social reconstructionism, active citizen participation
in all spheres of life, and democratization of all public institutions. -
Tennessee vs. John Scopes
Scopes Monkey Trial, was an American legal case in 1925 in which a substitute high school teacher, John Scopes, was accused of violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which made it unlawful to teach human evolution in any state-funded school.[1] The trial was deliberately staged in order to attract publicity to the small town of Dayton, Tennessee, where it was held -
Scholastic Aptitude Test
standardized test widely used for college admissions in the United States. It was first introduced in 1926, and its name and scoring have changed several times, being originally called the Scholastic Aptitude Test, then the Scholastic Assessment Test, then the SAT Reasoning Test, and now simply the SAT -
Great Depression
Late 1930's -
Herbert R. Kohl
educator best known for his advocacy of progressive alternative education[2] and as the author of more than thirty books on education.[3] He founded the 1960s Open School movement[4] and is credited with coining the term "open classroom."[ -
WWII
2 September 1945 -
GI Bill
The Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 (P.L. 78-346, 58 Stat. 284m), known informally as the G.I. Bill, was a law that provided a range of benefits for returning World War II veterans (commonly referred to as G.I.s). Benefits included low-cost mortgages, low-interest loans to start a business, cash payments of tuition and living expenses to attend university, high school or vocational education, as well as one year of unemployment compensation. It was available to every veteran who had been o -
National School Lunch Act
provide low-cost or free school lunch meals to qualified students through subsidies to schools.[1] The program was established as a way to prop up food prices by absorbing farm surpluses, while at the same time providing food to school age children. -
Truman Commission Report
report to U.S. President Harry S. Truman on the condition of higher education in the United States. The commission to write this report was established on July 13, 1946, and it was chaired by George F. Zook.
The report is significant not only for its six-volume size but for the fact that it marks the first time in United States history that a President establishes a commission for the purposes of analyzing the country's system of education, a task typically left to the states by 10 amendment -
Brown vs. Board of Education
Ended illegal segregation in schools. -
Ruby Bridges
American activist known for being the first black child to attend an all-white elementary school in the South.[1] She attended William Frantz Elementary School -
National Defense Education Act
providing funding to United States education institutions at all levels -
Civil Rights Act
outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.[6] It ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that served the general public (known as "public accommodations"). -
Project Head Start
program of the United States Department of Health and Human Services that provides comprehensive early childhood education, health, nutrition, and parent involvement services to low-income children and their families. The program's services and resources are designed to foster stable family relationships, enhance children's physical and emotional well-being, and establish an environment to develop strong cognitive skills. -
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act
passed as a part of President Lyndon B. Johnson's "War on Poverty" and has been the most far-reaching federal legislation affecting education ever passed by Congress. The act is an extensive statute that funds primary and secondary education.[1] It also emphasizes equal access to education and establishes high standards and accountability.[2] In addition, the bill aims to shorten the achievement gaps between students by providing each child with fair and equal opportunities to achieve an except -
Bilingual Education Act
purpose was to provide school districts with federal funds, in the form of competitive grants, to establish innovative educational programs for students with limited English speaking ability.[ -
Indian Education Act
establishing a comprehensive approach to meeting the unique needs of American Indian and Alaska Native students -
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972
No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance. -
Rehabilitation Act
prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in programs conducted by federal agencies, in programs receiving federal financial assistance, in federal employment, and in the employment practices of federal contractors. -
Plyler vs Doe
struck down a state statute denying funding for education to unauthorized immigrant children and simultaneously struck down a municipal school district's attempt to charge unauthorized immigrants an annual $1,000 tuition fee for each undocumented immigrant student to compensate for the lost state funding.[1] -
Madeline C. Hunter
American educator who developed a model for teaching and learning that was widely adopted by schools during the last quarter of the 20th century. She was named one of the hundred most influential women of the 20th century and one of the ten most influential in education by the Sierra Research Institute and the National Women's Hall of Fame. -
California Proposition 227
bill's intention was to educate Limited English proficiency students in a rapid, one-year program. It was sponsored by Ron Unz, the runner-up candidate in the 1994 Republican gubernatorial primary. The proposition was controversial because of its close proximity to heated political issues including race, immigration, and poverty. The methods of education enacted by the proposition reflect the electorate's support of assimilation over multiculturalism. -
No Child Left Behind
United States Act of Congress that is a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, which included Title I, the government's flagship aid program for disadvantaged students.[3] NCLB supports standards-based education reform based on the premise that setting high standards and establishing measurable goals can improve individual outcomes in education.