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Civil Rights Movement
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Anti Apartheid
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Cold War
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Pan African Movement
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Social Rights (Latinos/ Chicanos)
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Counterculture
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The Looming Tower
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(CW) Yalta Conference
Tensons rise between the Soviets and other allies as they discuss the future of the war and the postwar world; Germany is divided and the Soviets control eastern Europe -
(PAM) 5th Pan-African Congress
After many Africans fought in World War 2, many thought they deserved independence, so this congress was put on and attended by 90 delegated (26 of them from Africa); numerous resolutions were passed including criminalizing racial discrimination. -
(CW) Truman Doctrin
Truman announces the United States' willingness to help aid any country against the threat of communim -
(AA) Anti-Apartheid adopted
Anti-Apartheid adopted when National party takes power in a post World War 2 political setting that was laregly against racial discrimination
(www.sahistory.org) -
(CW) Berlin Airlift
Berlin Airlift begins and ends in 1949; this movemtn by the American goverment was one of many acts that showed we would not allow the spread of communism -
(LT) America and Isreal's Independence
America Immediately recognizes Israel's independence because of guilt over the Holocaust, pissing off many Palestinians and Muslims -
(CRM) Truman Executive Order 9981
Truman desegregated the military, which would pave the way for civil rights later on because these men fought and died together, so why would they discriminate against each other at home? -
(LT) Qutb visits America
Qutb goes to America and is shocked by the displays of impurity throughout the nation, and developing a hatred for Americans -
(CW) Soviet Union Atomic Bomb
The United States finds evidence that the Soviet Union is engineering atomic bombs. This explains why this was a war without arms - because they were both able to destroy the other (mutually assured destruction) -
(CW) NATO
North Atlantic Treaty organization is established " by the United States, Canada, and several Western European nations to provide collective security against the Soviet Union" (https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/nato) -
(CW) McCarthyism begins
After making allegations that the State Department was infiltrated by communists, the term McCarthyism is coined to refer to extreme and reckless charges; nonetheless, many Americans, minds distorted by fear, followed McCarthy and his allegations -
(AA) Land Acts
More than 80% of South Africa's land was set aside for white minorities, and seperate facilities for different races emerged along with a law requiring all non-whites to carry documents that would allow them on white land -
(PAM) The Population Registration Act (No. 30) of 1950
This act provided the basis of dividing the South African population by race, mainly white, black, and native (Bantu). -
(LT) Saudi Arabi Oil Boom
The is an oil boom throughout the 50s and America over-stays their welcome trying to protect and invest in the oil, making people (along with radical Islamists) very angry -
(CW) The Domino Theory (Vietnam)
Dwight D. Eisenhower intorduces the Domino Theory, basically stating that if Vitenam fell to the communists, all of its neighbors would follow -
(CRM) Brown vs Board
This court case overruled the "seperate but equal" policy claiming that seperate is inherently unequal -
(CW) SEATO (Vietnam)
The U.S. and 7 other countries formed the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization in order to supply South Vietnam with economic and military aid against communism -
(CRM) Emett Till murder
Emett Till is brutally murdered for supposedly catcalling a white woman and the murderer is aquitted by an all white jury -
(CRM) Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks refuses to give up her seat to a white passenger, leading to the year-long Montgomery bus boycott -
(CRM) Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
The SCLC was a civil rights movement group founded by about 60 ministers and civil rights leaders which was based upon nonviolence and civil disobedience after seeing how well that worked with the Montgomery bus boycott -
(LT) Bin Laden Birth
The man who would grow up to fund al-Jihad and found al-Qaeda is born -
(CC) Jack Kerouac's On the Road
Beat writing was very popular in counter culture in the 1950s and often dealt with drug, religious, and sexual experimentation as highlighted in this work -
(PAM) All African People's conference
The conference was convened by Kwame Nkrumah in Accra one year after Ghana gained its independence. The conference decided they would use not use violence in their endeavors to help countries gain their independence. -
(CRM) Sit in
4 black college students remain in a diner where they are refused service, triggering similar nonviolent protests -
(AA) ANC banned
After 67 black demonstrators were killed in Sharpeville, the ANC is banned by the white South African government -
(PAM) Year of Africa
The United Nations declares 1960 the year of Africa because of the amount of African states that gained independence that year -
(AA) Sharpsville Shooting and Anti-Apartheid military
In Sharpesville (a black town), the police shot at a group of unarmed blacks from the Afrrican National Congress (ANC) because they had gone to the police station without passes, so they could resist arrest, causing 67 deaths and 180 other casualties, causing anti-apartheid leaders to form non-threatening military branches in case they could not reach their goals peacefully. -
(CC) Andy Warhol and Pop Art
Pop Art was a sort of revolt against abstract expressionism and instead broadens the imagination, which Andy Warhol was famous for -
(CRM) Student Nonviolent Coordinating Comitee (SNCC)
The SNCC was founded in order to provide young blacks with a place and a voice in the civil rights movement -
(AA) Mandela heads ANC military
South Africa is declared a republic and Mandela heads the ANC military wing, launching a sabatoge campaign -
(CC) Album Art
Throughout the 60s pop art was used on the covers of many albums, it was meant to defy tradition and be edgy -
(CRM) James Meredith
James Meredith became the first black student at the University of Mississippi causing much violence and prompting the president to call in federal troops -
(SR) United Farm Workers (UFW)
Cesar Chavez organized a union of farm workers who were working in terrible conditions for low pay; they would use nonviolence (strikes, boycotts, etc.) in order to get better working conditions -
(PAM) Charter of Organization of African Unity
32 African governments sign the charter in Addis Ababa, creating first organized body of government in Africa -
(CRM) MLK arrested
Martin Luther King Junior was arrested during the Birmingham protests and during his time in incarceration he wrote Letters from Birmingham which explained why blacks have the duty to disobey unjust laws -
(CC) Tom Wolfe Literature
Tom Wolfe was one of the first people to incorporate literary devices into political reports, blurring the lines between reporting and activism as a whole -
The Beatles on Ed Sullivan
The English rock band made a trip to America to perform on Ed Sullivan's show as over 70 million Americans tooned in to watch the band that inspired many musicians who took part in civil rights and peace movements -
(AA) Mandela life in prison
Mandela was sentenced to life in prison for his role in the ANC -
(CRM) Civil Rights Act 1964
Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1964 as a tribute to Kennedy's life and dedication to the fight for civil rights -
(CW) Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (Vietnam)
The resolution gave the president the power to do everthing he could in order to repel an armed attack against the United States without consulting Congress -
(CRM) Malcom X assassination
Malcom X, the founder of Organization of Afro-American Unity, is shot (likely by Black Muslim faith members) -
(CRM) Selma/Bloody Sunday
Montgomery marchers stopped on bridge and 50 hospitalized after tear gas, clubs, and whips were used on them -
(SR) Table Grape Boycott
After Picketting proved to be unsuccessful, latinos spread out over the nation to promote the boycott of table grapes, causing the industry to lose millions of dollars and establish better working conditions for the migrant farm workers -
(SR) March from Delano to Sacramento
The strikers march 250 miles from Delano to Sacramento to present a list of their demands to grape companies and some of them agree to sign a contract with the union. -
(LT) Qutb Death
Qutb killed by hanging for his role in the attempted assassination of the Egyptian president, but his legacy lived on with other radical Islamists -
(CC) Anti-Vietnam and the Black Panthers
Many black Americans were losing thei lives in Vietnam and it was entirely unfair, so a group called th black panthers formed to protest at anti-Vietnam War rallies -
(CC) Haight-Ashbury
at least 2000 people travelled to this district in San Fransisco in order to listen to rock music and political radicals as they participated in drugs and free love -
(LT) 6 Day War
Israel wins the 6 day war causing Arabs to be very unhappy -
(SR) Chavez Fast
In order to protest the cruelty in the union, Chavez went on a 25 day fast, attracting national attention for the cause, and even ending the fast by breaking bread with Robert Kennedy -
(SR) National Council of La Raza
When the Chicano movement started to grow, many groups focused on improving the quality of living for workers, and the National Council of La Raza focused specifically on reducing poverty and discrimination. -
(PAM) Lusaka Manifesto
The Lusaka Manifesto states that they will support criminal liberation struggles against white minority regimens in Africa -
(CC) Festival Tragedy
Counterculture lost appeal to many when the Rolling Stones played at a California Festival and members of the Hell's Angels managed to stab a black man to death, contracting the peace and love of the hippie movement -
(CC) Woodstock Music Festival
32 mainstream psychedelic bands performed live outside over a weekende to over half a million people -
(AA) 3 million people resettled
The forcible resettlement of 3 million + people in black homelands -
(CC) Jimi Hendrix death
Counterculture began to lose its appeal after stars like Jimi Hendrix died from drug overdose