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Feb 27, 1531
Formation of the Schmalkaldic League
Protestant princes agree to support any beseiged member of the league.
--note: the HRE initially chooses to ignore this in favor of focusing on France and the Ottomans, but it eventually leads to the Schmalkaldic War (1546-47) -
Period: Jul 10, 1546 to May 23, 1547
Schmalkaldic War
The HRE takes on the Schmalkaldic League; HRE victory, Schmalkaldic League dissolved -
Sep 25, 1555
Peace of Augsburg
Tries to establish a stable co-existance between Catholics and Protestants
--"Cuius regio, eius religio" --> different german regions follow the religion of their respective leaders
Note: re-Catholicization efforts continued, un-easy peace -
Period: Jan 1, 1568 to
Eighty Years' War
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Period: to
Thirty Years' War
Two major issues:
1-France wanting to eliminate Habsburg control of areas surrounding their borders
2-Spain wanting to re-conquer the United Provinces
Stages:
1-Bohemian Revolut and conquest of the Palatine, 1618-23
2-the Danish Period, 1624-29
3-the Swedish Period, 1630-1634
4-the French Period, 1635-48 -
Defenestration of Prague
Protestant nobles storm Prague castle and throw two Catholic HRE officials out of a high window.
**Underlying tensions: Protestants worried about Catholic domination in Bohemia (note: Ferdinand--a die-hard Catholic--had recently been elected crown prince of Bohemia) -
Battle of the White Mountain
30 Years' War
Present-day Czech Republic, near Prague
Protestants are crushed by the HRE army; Uprising pretty much ended here -
Period: to
Cardinal Richelieu heavily involved in French affairs
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Battle of Breitenfield
First major Protestant victory of the 30 Years War; Protestants led by Gustavus Adolphus Led to many German princes joining the Swedes -
Battle of Lutzen
Decisive Protestant victory, but they lost Gustavus Adolphus, causing the Protestant cause to lose direction -
Period: to
Mazarin Control of French Affairs
Controlled affairs between Louis XIII's death and his own death (at which LXIV took sole control). -
Treaty of Munster
? -
Peace of Westphalia
Ends the 30 Years' War -All parties agree to recognize the Peace of Augsburg -
Period: to
Reign of Louis XIV
Begins with coronation (upon becoming of age) and ends with death. -
Treaty of the Pyrenees
Signed at the end of the 30 Years War between France and Spain
-Spain recognized French gains via the Peace of Westphalia
-Arranged a marriage between LXIV and the daughter of Philip IV of Spain, Maria Theresa (who was forced to renounce her claim to the Spanish throne) Note: Last major diplomatic achievement by Mazarin; set up a more stable environment for LXIV (b/c of a weakened Spanish crown -
Period: to
War of Devolution
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Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
Ended the War of Devolution. -
Treaty of Dover
France will help England rejoin the Catholic Church and England will help France conquer the Dutch Republic; Third Anglo-Dutch war was a direct consequence -
Period: to
The Dutch War
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Treaty of Nijmegen
Mostly importantly established peace between the French and the Dutch and established the Franco-Dutch border -
Truce of Regensburg
Note: truce not treaty (20 year truce)
the Spanish give in to Louis XIV and the French keep Luxemburg and Strasbourg (which LXIV had taken) -
Edict of Nantes revoked
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League of Augsburg formed
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Period: to
Glorious Revolution
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Period: to
Nine Years' War
a.k.a War of the League of Augsburg -
Grand Alliance formed
after England joins the League of Augsburg -
Period: to
Reign of William III over England and the Dutch
Post-Glorious Revolution -
Treaty of Ryswick
Settled the 9 Years' War -
First Partition Treaty
An attmempt to solve the Spanish succession crisisProposed that Duke Joseph Ferdinand of Bavaria be the heir to the Spanish throne. -
Second Partition Treaty
Attemped to name Archduke Charles (later Charles VI) the heir to the Spanish throne (after Carlos II) -
Period: to
War of Spanish Succession
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Battle of Blenheim
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Treaty of Utrecht
Signed by the belligerents of the War of Spanish Succession -
Treaty of Rastatt
Franco-Austrian treaty to end the War of Spanish Succession; gave formal recognition to Philip V as King of Spain -
Treaty of Baden
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Treaty of Seville
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Treaty of Vienna
Anglo-Austrian Alliance; marked the end of the brief Anglo-French Alliance This pitted England and Austria on one side against France and Spain on the other. -
Period: to
War of Polish Succession
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Treaty of Vienna
Resolved the War of Polish Succession
-France recognized the Pragmatic Sanction
-Augustus III, Duke of Saxony recognized as King of Poland
-Stanislaw Leszczynski renounced his claim to the Polish throne, was given the Duchy of Lorraine
-the Duke of Lorraine was given the Duchy of Tuscany
-territories in Italy given to the sons of Philip V and Elizabeth Farnese (Naples and Sicily)
-Philip V ceded Parma to Austria -
Period: to
War of Austrian Succession
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Battle of Mollwitz
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Treaty of Dresden
Signed between Austria, Saxony, and Prussia; ended the Second Silesian War -
Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
Ended the War of Austrian Succession
-recognition of the hand-over of SIlesia to Prussia
-French give up territory they had gained in the Austrian Netherlands Note: this confirms the growth of Prussian power (and population) as well as conflirming Austrian decline -
Period: to
Seven Years War
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Battle of Rossbach
Seven Years War
-decisive Prussian victory -
Battle of Leuthen
Seven Years War
-decisive Prussian victory -
Battle of Kunersdorf
Seven Years War
-represented a shift in the state of the conflict as the combined forces of the Russians and Austrians defeated the Prussians -
Treaty of St. Petersburg
ended fighitng between Prussia and Russia in the 7YW
-Russia agreed to leave Prussian territory -
Treaty of Hubertusberg
ended the 7YW
-specifically, ended the fighting between the Prussians on one side and the Austrians and Saxons -
Period: to
French Revolution
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Period: to
French Revolutionary Wars
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Period: to
The Terror
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Battle of the Nile
Major naval battle between French and English fleets off of the Mediterranean coast of Egypt
-decisive British victory -
Battle of Zurich
French victory over the Austrians -
Period: to
Napoleonic Wars
-War between Britain and France (1803-1814)
-War of the Third Coalition (1805)
-War of the Fourth Coalition (1806-1807)
-Peninsular War (1808-1814)
-War of the Fifth Coalition (1809)
-War of the Sixth Coalition (1812-1814)
-War of the Seventh Coalition (1815) -
Battle of Ulm
French victory, surrender and destruction of Austrian army in Bavaria -
Battle of Austerlitz
French victory
-ended the War of the Third Coalition
-resulted in the Treaty of Pressbourg, which basically confirmed France's dominance over Austria -
Treaty of Pressbourg
-Austria gave up claims in Italy
-Ended the Holy Roman Empire
-Austrian holdings in Germany and Italy ceded to France
-Austria withdrew from the 3rd Coalition Overall Importance:
-essentially ended War of 3rd Coalition
-caused Prussia to become concerned about Napoleon's increasing power (Prussia would help to launch the War of the 4th Coalition -
Treaty of Schonbrunn
ended the War of the 5th Coalition
-very harsh towards Austria