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Period: to
Great Depression and World War II
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National Fascist Party
An Italian political party, created by Benito Mussolini as the political expression of fascism. The party ruled Italy from 1922 to 1943. Along with its recognized successor, the Republican Fascist Party, it is the only party whose re-formation is banned by the Constitution of Italy -
March on Rome
This was an event that signified Mussolini taking over the government on October 1922. After a period of riots and the threat of civil war, Mussolini demanded the formation of a Fascist government to restore order. -
The Great Depression (Social)
The economic crisis and period of low business activity in the u.s. and other countries, roughly beginning with the stock-market crash. It began on Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929 and lasted until the early forties. -
Dust Bowl
The geographic area, including the Texas panhandle, hardest hit by the drought during the 1930s where the soil was so dry it blew away in great clouds of dust. The Dust Bowl brought ecological, economical and human misery to America during a time when it was already suffering under the Great Depression. -
Japan seizes Manchuria
Japan hopes of gaining more natural resources by seizing Manchuria to support their massive expansion and militarization. They no longer wanted to rely heavily on the U.S for resources and decided Manchuria was ideal for a Japanese expansion since it was already fighting a civil war between nationalists, communists and warlords. -
The New Deal (Economic)
The New Deal is the name given Franklin D. Roosevelt's plan to help bring the nation out of the Great Depression of the 1930s. It was a plan to bring economic relief, recovery, and reform to the nation. It was the first time emphasis was placed on making the federal government more responsive to the economic needs of the population. -
The Hundred Days (Political)
Period at the start of Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency in 1933, when many New Deal programs were passed by Congress. In the first 100 days in office, he tried different methods to ease the Depression, and he got an unprecedented 15 major bills passed by Congress. Such as regulation and reform of the banking system, massive government spending to "prime the pump" by restarting the economy and putting people back to work, and the creation of a social services network to support those who had -
The Second New Deal
The Second New Deal legislation relied more heavily on the Keynesian style of deficit spending than the First New Deal did. Roosevelt altered his policy making in part because of complaints from critics and in part because, by 1935, it was clear that more Americans still needed federal relief assistance. Roosevelt thus aimed approximately half the Second New Deal programs and policies at long-term reform. -
Anti-Comintern Pact
Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan sign the Anti-Comintern Pact, directed against the Soviet Union and the international Communist movement. The Anti-Cominterm Pact was a pact formed between Germany and Japan in 1936 in attempt to stop the spread of communism. The term cominterm refers to the international organisation dedicated to the spread of communism and therefore the pact acted as a form of opposition. -
Battle of Shanghai
The first of the twenty-two major engagements fought between the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China and the Imperial Japanese Army of the Empire of Japan during the Second Sino-Japanese War. It was one of the largest and bloodiest battles of the entire war. By mid-November it was under Japanese control -
Japan Invades Nanjing (Diplomatic /Military)
Imperial Japanese Army forces brutally murdered hundreds of thousands of people–including both soldiers and civilians–in the Chinese city of Nanjing. The horrific events are known as the Nanking Massacre or the Rape of Nanking, as between 20,000 and 80,000 women were sexually assaulted. Nanking, then the capital of Nationalist China, was left in ruins, and it would take decades for the city and its citizens to recover from the savage attacks. -
Munich agreement (Political)
A settlement permitting Nazi Germany's annexation of portions of Czechoslovakia along the country's borders mainly inhabited by German speakers. Germany, Italy, Great Britain, and France sign the Munich agreement which forces the Czechoslovak Republic to cede the Sudetenland, including the key Czechoslovak military defense positions, to Nazi Germany -
Fascist Italy invades Albania.
A brief military campaign by the Kingdom of Italy against the Albanian Kingdom. The conflict was a result of the imperialist policies of Italian dictator Benito Mussolini. -
Germany invades Poland
The German Luftwaffe bombed Polish airfields, and German warships and U-boats attacked Polish naval forces in the Baltic Sea. Nazi leader Adolf Hitler claimed the massive invasion was a defensive action, but Britain and France were not convinced. On September 3, they declared war on Germany, initiating World War II. -
New technologies used in World War 2 (Cultural/Technological)
Many new technologies where created and used during WW II that gave advantages to some countries. Such as the blitzkrieg tactical warfare, radar, sonar, jet engines, proximity fuse, atomic bomb, aircraft carriers, and code breakers. All of these technologies influenced WW II and left a mark on WW II. -
Italy invades France
Italy enters the war on June 10 by invading southern France. It was a small-scale invasion which was the first Italian military operation in World War Two, and without any doubt, was one of the most criticized of the whole Italian war. -
Pearl Harbor is attacked.
It was a surprise military strike conducted by the Imperial Japanese Navy against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The attack led to the United States' entry into World War II. The attack was intended as a preventive action in order to keep the U.S. Pacific Fleet from interfering with military actions the Empire of Japan was planning in Southeast Asia against overseas territories of the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and the United States -
Battle of Coral Sea
A battle in the Pacific of World War II between the Japanese Navy and Allied naval, United States air forces and Australia. The battle of coral sea was very important in the way that it improved the ways of having aviation fuel, better destroying control procedures were put up by the Americans, co-operation of the Allied land air forces. It helped them learn from their mistakes to improve on the carrier tactics, instruments, tactics of fighting, and strategies of defence. -
Battle of Midway
Midway is considered the turning point of the War in the Pacific. Prior to this, the Japanese had inflicted serious damage on American naval power with the bombing of Pearl Harbor, only failing to damage the carrier fleets. It was the first truly victorious battle for the United States in the war in the Pacific. The Battle of Midway took place during World War II and the Americans beat the Japanese in this battle. -
D-Day invasion of Normandy
The initial objective was to establish a viable and suppliable beachhead in France. From this point there was a need to capture the ports of Cherbourg and Caen in order to support a field field army in northern Europe. In particular Caen was intended to be captured on the first day, but was not captured until 06 July. -
Battle of the Bulge
The Battle of the Bulge was the last major Nazi offensive against the Allies during World War II. It was also a last ditch effort by Hitler to divide the Allies in two in their drive towards Germany and demolish their ability to provide for themselves.