-
Chinese used fingerprints to establish identity of documents and clay sculpture, but without any formal classification system.
-
quintilian, an attorney in the roman courts, showed that bloody palm prints were meant to frame a blind man of his mother's murder.
-
Thomas Bewick, an english naturalist, used engravings of his own fingerprints to identify books he published.
Used own fingerprints to identify books. -
John Evangelist Purkinji, a professorprofessor of anatomy at the University of Breslau, Czecheslovakia, published the first paper on the nature of fingerprints and suggested a classification system based on nine major types. However, he failed to recognize their individualizing potential.
-
William Nichol invented the polarizing light microscope.
-
Adolphe Quetelet, a Belgian statistican, provided the foundation for Bertillion's work by stating his belief that two human bodies were exactly alike.
-
Sir William Herschel, a British officer working for the Indian Civil service, began to use thumbprints on documents both as a substitute for written signatures for illiterates and to verify document signatures.
-
Sir Edward Richard Henry was appointed head of Scotland Yard and forced the adoption of fingerprint identification to replace anthropometry.
-
Calvin Goddard, with Charles Waite, Phillip O. Gravelle, & John H. Fisher, Perfected the comparison microscope for the use in use in ballet comparison.
-
In response to concerns about the practice of forensic DNA analysis and interpretation of the results, the NationalResearch Council Committee on Forensic DNA (NRC I) published DNA Technology in Forensic Science.
-
Roche Molecular Systems (formerly Cetus) released a set of five additional DNA markers (“polymarker”) to add to the HLA-DQA1 forensic DNA typing system.
-
The FBI introduced computerized searches of the AFIS fingerprint database. Live scan and card scan devices allowed interdepartmental submissions.
-
(FTIR) -fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, is adapted for use in the forensic laboratory
-
The FBI introduced the beginnings of its Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) with the first computerized scans of fingerprints.
-
The FBI upgraded its computerized fingerprint database and implemented the Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS), allowing paperless submission, storage, and search capabilities directly to the national database maintained at the FBI.