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Firelight, candlelight, and lanterns were used as a source of light in the dark at this time.
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Thomas Edison found that conducting electricity through a thin wire allowed it to glow and in turn create light. Putting this in the lightbulb-shaped glass amplified the light.
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Thayer George Inman created this by exciting mercury gas with an electrical current so that fluorescent bulbs were created.
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Edward E. Hammer made these spiral-shaped light bulbs compact and efficient so that you can still have your small light bulb that is more energy-efficient than the traditional light bulb.
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Nick Holonack applied the concept that when electrons jump from one side to another, they emit light. This was put inside a light bulb and we now have a much less heated light bulb that saves electricity.