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The settlement of Jamestown is founded by the English and is also the English's first settlement in the New World. -
Quebec, Canada is founded by the French by Samuel de Champlain; this would result in giving the French a stronghold in New France and the New World -
His journey would have him embark on a river near present-day Manhattan and this river now even bears his name. He embarked on this journey as a way to find a quicker passage to Asia for the East India Company. -
This would be in Santa Fe, New Mexico, and was founded by Conquistador John Onate. -
The House of Burgesses is founded in Jamestown, West Virginia. -
The Dutch are the first to have slaves in the New World, and they bring them to Jamestown. -
In 1624, 30 dutch families arrived in the New World where Manhattan is located today. These families came as part of a sponsored journey by the West India Company. -
This act was mainly passed as a way to cripple the Dutch's freight trade. -
A couple of New England colonies combine to form what would later become New York and New Jersey. -
Massachusetts is the first colony to use paper money in the New England Colonies. -
Peter I of Russia (Peter the Great) established the capital city of St. Petersburg. -
The Peace of Utrecht was a series of peace treaties that helped end the War of Spanish Succession. The treaty was signed in the Dutch city of Utrecht. It was between many European countries including England, France, Spain, and the Nehterlands. The treaty reestablished the balance of power in Europe. -
When Louis XIV of France died, he left France with a huge debt. He died of gangrene. -
Maria Theresa what the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire from 1740 until her death in 1780. She was the only femal ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, and birthed two emporer sons and one queen daughter. She had no formal training, and she was a strong advocate of unity within her lands. She also believed in Divine Right. -
Catherine II was the leader of Russia from 1762-1796. She was of the Romanov dynasty and was of the Russian Orthodox religion. She cared for her people and tried bringing more revenue into Russia. She also expanded her epire from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea. Catherine organized and controlled everything herself. -
George III became king of England in 1760, and ruled until 1820. He led England through the American War of Independence, which the English lost. -
Lavoisier was a French chemist who lived from 1743 to 1794. He wrote Elementary Treatise on Chemistry where he explained the constituent gasses of air, and stated that combustion could not take place without oxygen. He also stated that matter cannot be created nor destroyed in chemical reactions. -
The book talked about how to set up a political community that could face the problems of commercial society. -
The Treaty of Paris was a peace treaty between the English and French. it ended the Seven Years War, also called the French and Indian War. -
The last Enlightenment thinker alive, Denis Diderot, a French writer and philosopher, died in 1784. This marked the end of the Enlightenment. Diderot was best known as the chief editor of the Encyclopedia. The Encyclopedia was a reference with articles by French thinkers about politics, science, religion, and the arts. -
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Things started to go well for the Americans in the war, so nationalism surfaced. This is feelings of pride abnd loyalty to the nation. -
Conflicts arose between the Americans and the Seminole Indians of Florida, causing the First Seminole War. Andrew Jackson led the Americans and took over many Spanish military bases, causing Spanish negotiators to come out. They created the Adams-Onis Treaty where Spain gave the United States East Florida and the United States gave Spain modern-day Texas. -
Many states, mostly in the south, opposed the Second Bank of the United States. Jackson thought the states should have more power with banking causing Maryland to pass a tax to limit the banks power. James McCulloch opposed this, and took the tax to court. The court then ruled the bank was constitutional. -
Many Spanish colonies had started to declare independence, and the United States and Great Britain wanted to keep other countries out of the conflict. James Monroe and John Quincy Adams created the Monroe Doctrine, which warned Europeans countries to stay out of Latin America affairs, and it said the United States wasn't going to get involved in Europeans things. -
Americans feared Indians wouldn't cooperate, so they created the Bureau of Indian Affairs to manage Indian removal. As predicted, some Indians didn't want to move. The Bureau caused problems with Native Americans. -
Northerners wanted tariffs on imports to protect their business, while Southerners said it would hurt their economy. Before Jackson took office Congress passed a high tariff on imports, angering Southerners. Quincy Adams signed it, not fully supporting it, with knowledge that after he most likely wouldn't get reelected. -
This act was passed to remove all the Indians that lived east of the Mississippi to lands in the west. Americans wanted the land, and they took it. This led to the Indian Territory. -
After the Indians were removed, Congress decided to be nice and give the Indians some land. They gave them what is now Oklahoma. Supporters said this would protect Indians from further conflict, but that could be an excuse. -
The people of Texas wanted to be free from Mexico. The Alamo was an abandoned mission near San Antonio that was a large site in the Texas Revolution, A rebel group fewer than 200 stalled for 2 weeks. On March 6 the Mexicans attacked and all Alamo defenders were killed. -
The United States was barely 70 years old, and it needed more space. Americans then said irt was their Manifest Destiny, or obvious fate, to settle the land all the way to the Pacific Ocean.