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William Bradford Shockley Jr was born in London England -
Graduated from Caltech with a Bachelor of Science. -
Received a PhD from MIT. -
Worked at Bell labs and led the team that invented the transistor.
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Shockley wrote Electrons and Holes in Semiconductors. -
Gordon Teal was able to upgrade the transistor to silicon. -
Shockley was named director of transistor physics at Bell Labs. -
Shockley joined Beckman Instruments, Inc. and established the Shockley semiconductor laboratory in Mountain View, California. -
Shockley along with his team at Bell Labs won the 1956 Nobel Prize. -
The Shockley Transistor Corporation, a subsidiary of Beckman Instruments, was born. -
Shockley's corporation was acquired by Clevite Corporation. He continued as a consultant until it was sold to International Telephone and Telegraph in 1965. -
Transistors have continuously been getting smaller and smaller. When it was first invented, it was measured in millimeters, and over the decades they have shrunk to the nanometer scale. From the basic 2D MOSFET to the 3D FinFET, the new thinner and taller structure provides a smaller footprint and better performance.
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In 1963 he received the Holley Medal of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. -
Shockley set out on a new career path as a Eugenics researcher and advocate. -
William Shockley died