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founded Sierra Club in 1892; fought unsuccessfully to prevent the damming of the Hetch Hetchy Valley in Yosemite National Park
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– prohibits interstate transport of wild animals dead or alive without federal permit
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wrote A Sand County Almanac published a year after his death in 1948; promoted a "Land Ethic" in which humans are ethically responsible for serving as the protectors of nature
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published Silent Spring in 1962; documented the environmental damage done by DDT and other pesticides. Which heightened public awareness at the start of the modern environmental movement
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- protects rivers with due or aesthetic, recreational, wildlife, historical or cultural reasons
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published "The Tragedy of the Commons" in the journal Science in 1968; argued that rational people will exploit shared resources (commons)
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– Environmental Impact Statements must be done before any project affecting federal lands can be started
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– set maximum permissible amounts of water pollutants that can be discharged into waterways. Aim was to make surface waters fishable and swimmable
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– prohibits taking marine mammals in U.S. waters and by U.S. citizens, and the importing marine mammals and marine mammal products into the U.S.
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– identifies threatened and endangered species in the US, and puts their protection ahead of economic considerations
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– set maximum levels for pollutants that may have had adverse effects on human health
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– lists species that cannot be commercially traded as live specimens or wildlife products
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– controls hazardous waste with a cradle to grave system
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– requires coal strip mines to reclaim the land
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– the “Superfund” act, designed to identify and clean up abandoned hazardous waste dumpsites
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– phase out of ozone depleting substances
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– bans ocean dumping of sewage sludge and industrial waste
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– set emissions standards for cars, and limits for release of air pollutants
