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n climatology El Niño - Southern Oscillation , also known by the acronym ENSO ( El Niño - Southern Oscillation ) , it is a periodic climate phenomenon that causes a strong warming of the Pacific Ocean Central and Southern and Eastern ( Latin America) , in the months December and January ,
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The causes of the Niño are caused by the presence of 2 types of waves in the atmospheric circulation , ( Kelvin waves and Rossby waves) , which are directed in the opposite direction with respect to each other . Kelvin waves, faster , are directed towards the east ; the Rossby waves are ,
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In addition to the direct effects on the spot or on the Pacific, ENSO is considered to be the most known cause of interannual variability of weather and climate conditions on a global scale in the world , with a frequency that varies between three and eight years.
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The ENSO is a cyclical climate phenomenon coupled result of the interaction between ocean and atmosphere. By definition it is in the presence of El - Niño when the surface of the central part of the Pacific Ocean manifests an increase of the temperature of at least 0.5 ° C for a period of time not less than 5 months.
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The phenomenon causes floods in the areas directly affected , but also drought in the most distant areas from it and other disturbances that vary in all its manifestations.